考研考试

【单选题】Linguists have understood for decades that language and thought are closely relateD、Humans construct reality using thought and express these thoughts through the use of language.Edward Sapir and his studentBenjamin Whorf are credited with developing the most relevant explanation outlining the relationship between thought and language, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. The hypothesis consists of two parts, linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism. Supporters of linguistic relativity assume that culture is shaped by language. Terwilliger defines linguistic determinism as the process by which "the functions of one’s mind are determined by the nature of the language which one speaks." In simpler terms, the thoughts that we construct are based upon the language that we speak and the words that we use. In its strongest sense, linguistic determinism can be interpreted as meaning that language determines thought. In its weakest sense, language partially influences thought. Whorf was careful to avoid authoritative statements which would permanently commit him to a particular position.
Because of the broad nature of his statements, it is difficult to distinguish exactly to what extent Whorl believes that language determines thought. Heated debate among modern linguists demonstrates that disagreement exists about the accuracy and correctness of Whorf’s studies and of the actual level of influence of language on thought processes.
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis essentially consists of two distinct statements connecting the relation of thought and language. Whorf believes that humans may be able to think only about objects, processes, and conditions that have language associated with them. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis also explains the relationship between different languages (French,English, German,Chinese, and so on) and thought. Whorl demonstrated that culture is largely determined by language.Different cultures perceive the world in different ways.Culturally essential objects, conditions and processes usually are defined by a plethora of words, while things that cultures perceive as unimportant are usually assigned one or two words. Whorl developed this theory while studying the Hopi Indian tribe. Whorf was amazed that the Hopi language has no words for past, present, and future. The Hopi have only one word for flying objects.A、dragonfly, an airplane, and a pilot are defined using the same worD、Whorf questioned whether or not the Hopi view the world differently from western people.After further interpretation and analysis he concluded that the Hopi have a sense for the continuum of time despite having no words to specifically describe past, present, and future.
It is commonly believed that the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis possesses some truth, but the extent to which it is applicable to all situations is questioneD、Linguists generally support a "strong" or a "weak" interpretation. Linguists who study the hypothesis tend to cite examples that support their beliefs but are unable or unwilling to refute the opposing arguments.Examples exist that strengthen the arguments of everyone who studies the hypothesis. Nobody has gained significant ground in proving or refuting the hypothesis because the definitions of Sapir and Whorl are very vague and incomplete, leaving room for a significant amount of interpretation.
According to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, if a culture has more expressions for certain concepts, it shows thatA．these concepts are more important than others.
B．the culture is very much advanced and civilizeD、
C．other concepts will be perceived as unimportant.
D．these expressions developed earlier in the language.

网考网参考答案：A
网考网解析：
第三段提到，文化中那些基本的物品、条件和过程通常有大量(a plethora of)词语描述，而在各个文化中描述不重要的东西则通常只有一两个词语。下文举了北美印第安人的一种语言——Hopi语言——的例子，对这种现象加以说明。 document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>