考研每日一练（2019/3/11）

第1题：关于休克的治疗，错误的是 A．尽早去除休克病因 B．尽快恢复血容量 C．尽早使用血管收缩药 D．纠正酸碱平衡失调

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is liable, no superhuman genius is requireD、 A、few simple rules will keep you, not from all errors, but from silly errors.　　If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself.Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs.Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counteD、He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’’t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all liable.　　Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have strong convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own prejudice. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you subconsciously are aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence justifies.　　For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different opinion. This has one advantage, and only one, ascompared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. Mahatma Gandhi (圣雄甘地) considered it unfortunate to have railways and steamboats and machinery; he would have liked to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting anyone who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantage of modern technology for granteD、But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might have said in refutation of them. I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue. Furthermore, I have frequently found myself growing more agreeable through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent.Most people are unlikely to be subject to silly errors A、when they do not violate the rules of observation and imagination. B、if they refute their opponents’’ opinions in a fairly reasonable way. C． unless they are convinced of their unjustifiable knowledge of things. D． until they reconcile with their opponents through imaginary dialogue

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：

【分析题】：

第4题：维持胸膜腔内负压的必要条件是 A．胸膜脏层和壁层紧贴 B．胸膜腔与外界封闭 C．胸膜腔内有少量液体 D．吸气肌收缩

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：复溜穴位于 A．水泉上1寸 B．照海下1寸 C．太溪上2寸 D．三阴交下2寸

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题：(3)综合分析上述材料，指出当今世界的根本问题及其解决的关键。

【分析题】：

第7题：September 11th 2001 drew the transatlantic alliance together; but the mood did not last, and over the five years since it has pulled ever further apart. A、recent poll for the German Marshall Fund shows that 57% ofEuropeans regardAmerican leadership in world affairs as "undesirable". The Iraq war is mainly to blame.But there is another and more intractable reason for the growing division: GoD、 Europeans worry thatAmerican foreign policy under GeorgeBush is too influenced by religion. The "holy warriors" who hijacked the planes on September 11th reintroduced God into international affairs in the most dramatic of ways. It seems that GeorgeBush is replying in kind, encouraging a clash of religions that could spell global catastrophe. Dominique Moisi, a special adviser at the French Institute for International Relations, argues that "the combination of religion and nationalism inAmerica is frightening. We feel betrayed by God and by nationalism, which is why we are building theEuropean Union as a barrier to religious warfare." JosefBraml, of the German Institute for International and SecurityAffairs, complains that inAmerica "religious attitudes have more of an influence on political choices than in any other western democracy." The notion thatAmerica is too influenced by religion is not confined to the elites. Three in five French people and nearly as manyDutch think thatAmericans are too religious—and that religion skews what should be secular decisions.Europeans who think thatAmerica is "too religious" are more inclined to anti-Americanism than their fellow countrymen. 38% ofBritons have an unfavourable view ofAmerica, but that number rises to 50% among people who are wary ofAmerican religiosity. IsAmerica engaged in a faith-based foreign policy Religion certainly exerts a growing influence on its actions in the world, but in ways more subtle and complicated thanEuropeans imagine. It is true thatAmerica is undergoing a religious revival "Hot" religions such as evangelical Protestantism and hardlineCatholicism are growing rapidly while "cool" mainline versions ofChristianity are declining. It is also true that the Republican Party is being reshaped by this revival. Self-identified evangelicals provided almost 40% of Mr.Bush’s vote in 2004; if you add in other theological conservatives, such as Mormons and traditionalCatholics, that number rises closer to 60%.All six top Republican leaders in the Senate have earned 100% ratings from theChristianCoalition. It is also true that Mr.Bush frequently uses religious rhetoric when talking of foreign affairs. On September 12th he was at it again, telling a group of conservative journalists that he sees the war on terror as "a confrontation between good and evil", and remarking, "It seems to me that there’s a ThirdAwakening" (in other words, an outbreak ofChristian evangelical fervour, of the sort that has swept acrossAmerica at least twice before).AndChristianAmerica overall is taking a bigger interest in foreign policy. New voices are being heard, Such as SamBrownback, a conservative senator from Kansas who has led the fight against genocide inDarfur, and Rick Warren, the author of a bestseller called The Purpose-Driven Life, who is sending 2 000 missionaries to Rwand A、 Finally, it is true that religious figures have done some pretty outrageous things. Pat Robertson called for the assassination of HugoChavez, the president of Venezuel A、Lieu- tenant-General William "Jerry"Boykin, deputy under-secretary of defence for intelligence, toured the country tellingChristian groups that radical Muslims hateAmerica "because we’ re aChristian nation and the enemy is a guy named Satan". He often wore uniform. The increasing transatlantic schism, according to the text, results from ______. [A] terrorist attacks [B]American reliance on deity [C] intr

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题：中国革命的前途问题实际就是 A．旧民主主义革命与新民主主义革命的关系问题 B．新民主主义革命与社会主义革命的关系问题，中国革命的现在阶段和将来阶段的关系 C．在中国建立资本主义社会 D．在中国建立社会主义社会

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题：胃癌来源于 A．胃腺颈部的干细胞 B．壁细胞 C．表面黏液细胞 D．主细胞 E．吸收细胞

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第10题：Humans have never lacked for ways to get wasteD、The natural world is full of soothing but addictive leaves and fruits and fungi, and for centuries, science has added them to the pharmacopoeia to relieve the pain of patients. In the past two decades, that’s been especially true. As the JointCommission on theAccreditation of Healthcare Organizations developed new policies to treat pain more actively, approaching it not just as an unfortunate side effect of illness but as a fifth vital sign, along with temperature, heart rate, respirtory rate and blood pressure, a bounty of new opoids(鸦片类物)has rolled offBig Pharma’s production line. There was fentanyl, synthetic opioid around since the 1960s that went into wide use as a treatment for cancer pain in the 1990s. That was followed by Oxycodone, a short-acting drug for more routine pain, and after thatcame Oxycontin, a 12-hour formulation of the same powerful pill. Finally came hydrocodone. The government considers hydrocodone a Schedule Ⅲ drug—one with a " moderate or low" risk of dependency, as opposed to Schedule Ⅱ’s, which carry a "severe" risk. Physicians must submit a written prescription for Schedule Ⅱ drugs ; for Schedule Ⅲ’s, they just phone the pharmacy. ( Schedule I substances are drugs like heroin that are never prescribeD、) For patients, that wealth of choices spelled danger. The result has hardly been surprising. Since 1990, there has been a tenfold increase in prescriptions for opioids in the U. S. , according to theCenters forDiseaseControl and PreventionCDCP). In 1990 there were barely 6, 000 deaths from accidental drug poisoning in the U. S.By 2007 that number had nearly quintupled, to 27, 658. Health officials do not tease out which drug is responsible for every death, and it’s not always possible. "There may be lots of drugs on board, " saysCathyBarber, director of the InjuryControl ResearchCenter at the Harvard School of Public Health. "Is it the opioid that caused the death Or is it the combination of opioid, benzodiazepine and a cocktail the person had " Still, most experts agree that nothing but the exploding availability of opioids could be behind the exploding rate of death. Despite such heavy death toil, the suivellance over these popular pills faces regulatory maze. In early 2009, the FDA、announced that it was initiating a " risk-evaluation and mitigation strategy". The regulations the FDA、is empowered to issue include requiring manufacturers to provide better information to patients and doctors, requiring doctors to meet certain educational criteria before writing opioid prescriptions and limiting the number of docs and pharmacies allowed to prescribe or dispense the drugs. "And with all that, "warnsDr. John Jenkins, director of the FDA’s Office of NewDrugs, " we do still have to make sure patients have access to drugs they neeD、"Any regulations the FDA、does impose won’t be announced until 2011 at the earliest and could take a year or more to roll out. That leaves millions of people continuing to fill prescriptions, tens of thousands per year dying and patients in genuine pain wondering when a needed medication will relieve their suffering—and when it could lead to something worse. Opoids are drugs ______. A、made from natural plants B、that will result in addiction C、classified as dangerous D、used for pain-easing

【单选题】： A     B     C     D