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【分析解答题】There are a great many reasons for studying what philosophers have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate the history of philosophy from that of science. Philosophy is largely discussion about matters on which few people are quite certain, and those few hold opposite opinions.As knowledge increases, philosophy buds off the sciences.
We also see how every philosopher reflects the social life of his day. (46) But we can hardly guess what the world will look like to men and women with several generations of communism behind them, who take the brotherhood of man for granted, not as an ideal to be aimed at, but a fact of life, and yet know that this brotherhood was only achieved by ghastly struggles.
The study of philosophies should make our own ideas flexible. We are all of us apt to take certain general ideas for granted, and call them common sense. We should learn that other people have held quite different ideas, and that our own have started as very original guesses of philosophers.
If a dog could speak, it would probably not distinguish between motion and life. Some primitive men do not do so, and travelers interpret them as saying there are spirits everywhere. (47) In our age of machines we are apt to look for mechanical explanations of everything, yet it is only three hundred years since machines had been developed so far thatDescartes first suggested that animal and human bodies were machines.

A、scientist is apt to think that all the problems of philosophy will ultimately be solved by science. I think this is true for a great many of the questions on which philosophers still argue. (48) For example, Plato thought that when we saw something, one ray of light came to it from the sun, and another from our eyes, and that seeing was something like feeling with a stick. We now know that the light comes from the sun, and is reflected into our eyes. We don’t know in much detail how the changes in our eyes give rise to sensation. (49) But there is every reason to think that we learn more about the physiology of the brain, we shall do so, and that the great philosophical problems about knowledge and will are going to be pretty fully cleared up.
(50) But if our descendants know the answers to these questions and others which perplex us today, there will still be one field of which they do not know, namely the future. However exact our science, we cannot know it as we know the past. Philosophy may be described as argument about things of which we are ignorant.And where science gives us a hope of knowledge it is often reasonable to suspend judgment. That is one reason why Marx andEngels quite rightly wrote so little on many philosophical problems which interested their contemporaries.(484 words)

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试题答案：[参考译文] 但我们完全有理由认为我们了解了更多大脑的生理结构，我们会做到这一点的，而且与知识和意志相关的伟大的哲学问题都将会完全被破解。 答案解析：[译点精析] (1)there is every reason to...意为“有充分的理由，有种种理由，完全有理由”，例如：There is every reason to believe that you will win the game.有充分的理由相信你会赢得比赛。 (2)think后面接有三个并列的宾语从句。其中第二个宾语从句we shall do so省略了连词that，翻译时将三者顺次译出即可。 (3)介词短语of the brain作后置定语，修饰physiology，翻译时应将其置于physiology之前。同样，介词短语about knowledge and will作后置定语，修饰problems，翻译时也应将其置于problems之前。 (4) clear up意为“解决，解答”。例如：It’s necessary for you to clear up the misunderstanding.你有必要澄清这个误会。 document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>