考研每日一练（2019/3/14）

第1题：第三变量问题意味着() A．少于三个变量的相关研究是无效的 B．如果两个预测变量被表明是效标变量作用的重要预测源，那么可能还有另外一个重要的预测变量 C．在一个相关研究中，可能有第三个没有测量的变量实际引起了其他变量的变化 D．以上都不是

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：假如有一mRNA，其碱基顺序如下： ……AAGGAGGUNNNNNAUGUUU……UUUUAR 试问：1．其DNA模板的碱基顺序如何2．翻译从何处开始 何处结束3．N端氨基酸是什么C端氨基酸是什么

【分析题】：

第3题：Going to the ballpark, visiting friends and playing bingo are simple diversions for many of us.But for the elderly, these social pastimes may play a critical role in preserving their physical and mental health. (46) In fact, a new study suggests that the less time older people spend engaged in social activity, the faster their motor function tends to decline. "Everybody in their 60s, 70s and 80s is walking more slowly than they did when they were 25," saysDr.AronBuchman, a neurologist at the Rush University MedicalCenter inChicago and leading author of the study, which was published in the June 22nd issue of theArchives of Internal Medicine. (47) "Our study shows the connection between social activity and motor function--and opens up a whole new universe of how we might intervene. " (48) An increasing body of evidence has suggested that participating in mentally stimulating activity, socializing frequently and exercising may help protect against age-related decline-at least cognitive decline.As early as 1995, neuroscientistCarlCotman, who studies aging and dementia at the University ofCalifornia at Irvine, published a paper in Nature showing that physical exercise produces a protein that helps keep neurons from dying and spurs the formation of new neural connections in the brain. (49) More recently,Cotman demonstrated in studies of elderly dogs and mice that enriching their social environment is associated with improvement in brain function. Researchers are also finding that social activity may be linked to the same protective effect in people.A、recent study of 2 500 adults ages 70 to 79, published in the journal Neurology, found that those who were able to stay mentally sharp were also those who exercised once a week or more, had at least a ninth grade literacy level and were socially active. While further research needs to be done to establish the exact impact of social activity and exercise on specific age-related declines (50) it’s likely that a reduction in social activity may simply be a symptom of physical decline, since people may naturally withdraw from social engagement as they lose motor skills-most researchers would agree that it is not unreasonable to encourage seniors to get out there more. Only 10% of people over 65 get the recommended amount of exercise (at least 2. 5 to 5 hours a week), and given that seniors already tend to be more socially isolated than younger adults, it’s difficult to motivate them to become more active. "If you are alone, you are less likely to follow recommendations," notes Verghese. It might help, though, if you visit Grandma more often and let her know that a regular pastime may just help her stay fitter and sharper longer.

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第4题： 在呼吸链中，既可作为NADH脱氢酶受氢体，又可作为琥珀酸脱氢酶受氢体的是 A．FAD B．铁硫蛋白 C．Cytb D．CoQ

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：患者，男，50岁。2个月前，因急性前壁心肌梗死入院，经行左前降支内药物支架植入后，住院7天出院。此后患者无任何症状，服用药物1个月后自行停用。2小时前在睡眠中再次发生剧烈胸痛，ECG证实为急性前壁再发心肌梗死。该患者本次再梗的最可能原因是 A．冠状动脉内新病变形成 B．支架内再狭窄形成 C．支架内血栓形成 D．冠状动脉痉挛

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题：恩格斯把费尔巴哈等旧唯物主义者称为半截子的唯物主义，并指出真正的唯物主义者在理解现实世界(自然界和历史)时是“按照它本身在每一个不以先入为主的唯心主义怪想来对待它的人面前所呈现的那样来理解……除此以外，唯物主义并没有别的意义。”这里的“半截子”主要指的是 A．在坚持唯物论的同时，没有把唯物论和辩证法相结合 B．在承认物质决定意识的同时，否认物质与意识的同一性 C．在自然观上是唯物主义的，历史观上则陷入唯心主义 D．把客观事物看作是既成的事实，但不承认事物的变化发展

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题：Tight-lipped elders used to say," It’’s not what you want in this world, but what you get."　　Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.　　You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be serveD、　　Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.　　This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you ,your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications, will pay him to employ you and your" wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.　　When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a joB、Get all the possible information about your could be joB、Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now. What do the elders mean when they say, "It’’s not what you want in this world, but what you get. " A、You’’ll certainly get what you want. B．It’’s no use dreaming. C．You should be dissatisfied with what you have. D．It’’s essential to set a goal for yourself.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题：While disease is present prior to social organization, communal life creates special hazards. While the organization of society can reduce the dangers of disease, trade and urbanization, with their consequent problems of sanitation and pollution, can also aggravate such dangers.Even in the mid-twentieth century, during the brief calm between the polio andAIDS epidemics, epidemic health risks associated with carcinogens (cancer-producing substances ) from polluted air threatened the industrialized worlD、　　To the economist, efforts to combat these risks are at least partially public goods. The benefits from public goods are indivisible among beneficiaries. A、sole private purchaser of health care would give others in society a "free ride" with respect to the benefits obtaineD、To market theorists, such goods are lawful objects of governmental intervention in the market. While the theory of public goods helps explain aspects of public health law and assists in fitting it into modern economic theory, it omits a critical point. Ill health is not a mere byproduct of economic activity, but an inevitable occurrence of human existence.As a result, wherever there is human society, there will be public health.Every society has to face the risks of disease.And because it must, every society searches to make disease comprehensible within the context of the society’’s own particular culture, religion, or science. In this sense, health care is public not only because its benefits are indivisible and threats to it arise from factors outside of the individual but also because communal life gives individuals the cultural context in which to understand it.　　Governments typically have assumed an active role with respect to health care, acting as if their role were obligatory. How governments have fulfilled that duty has varied throughout time and across societies, according not only to the wealth and scientific sophistication of the culture but also to its fundamental values--because health is defined in part by a community’’s belief system, public health measures will necessarily reflect cultural norms and values.　　Those who criticize the United States government today for not providing health care to all citizens equate the provision of health care with insurance coverage for the costs of medical expenses.By this standard, seventeenth and eighteenth-centuryAmerica lacked any significant conception of public health law. However, despite the general paucity (scarcity) of bureaucratic organization in pre-industrialAmerica, the vast extent of health regulation and provision stands out as remarkable. Of course, the public role in the protection and regulation of eighteenth-century health was carried out in ways quite different from those today. Organizations responsible for health regulation were less stable than modern bureaucracies ,tending to appear in crises and fade away in periods of calm. The focus was on epidemics which were seen as unnatural and warranting a response ,not to the many prevalent and chronic conditions which were accepted as part and parcel of daily life.Additionally ,and not surprisingly ,religious influence was significant ,especially in the seventeenth century. Finally, in an era which lacked sharp divisions between private and governmental bodies, many public responsibilities were carried out by what we would now consider private associations. Nevertheless, the extent of public health regulation long before the dawn of the welfare state is remarkable and suggests that the founding generation’’s assumptions about the relationship between government and health were more complex than commonly assumeD、Which of the following finds the LEAST support in the text A、Government involvement in health care is characterized by action. B． Philosophical considerations weigh less in making health policies. C． Health organizations took common diseases as an essential part of daily life. D．

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题： 女性，40岁，黄疽，纳差2个月。检查：全身黄染明显，肝大，胆囊可扪及肿大。化验：血清总胆红素 17μmoL/L(10mg/d1)，碱性磷酸酶30 U(金氏法)，其他肝功能正常。提示为 A．胆道蛔虫症 B．急性病毒性肝炎 C．壶腹周围肿瘤 D．先天性溶血性黄疽 E．胆总管囊肿

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第10题：

【分析题】：