| 考研易错题（2019/3/27） |
| 第1题：病人正虚表气不固，外受风邪，汗出恶风，身重，小便不利，舌淡苔白，脉浮，治宜选用
A．玉屏风散 B．桂枝汤 C．补中益气汤 D．防己黄芪汤 |
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| 第2题：“凡性者，天之就也，不可学、不可事。礼义者，圣人之所生也，人之所学而能，所事而成者也。不可学、不可事而在人者，谓之性； 可学而能，可事而成之在人者，谓之伪，是性伪之分也。”——《荀子·性恶》 “无性则伪之无所加，无伪则性不能自美。性伪合，然后成圣人之名，一天下之功于是就也。故曰：……性伪合而天下治。”——《荀子·礼论》 “我欲贱而贵，愚而智，贫而富，可乎 曰：其唯学乎!……上为圣人，下为士君子，孰禁我哉!”——《荀子·儒效》 问题：根据上述材料，试论述荀子“性恶论”及其教育意义。 |
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| 第3题： 再生障碍性贫血与阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿最主要的鉴别点是 A．前者全血细胞减少，后者无 B．前者有血小板减少，后者无 C．后者Ham试验阳性 D．前者骨髓增生低下，后者无 |
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| 第4题：Wherever people have been, they have left waste behind, which can cause all sorts of problems. Waste often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burneD、And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepted disposal methods’ have thus far been developeD、 Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $150 billion on industrial waste. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So waste firms see a rich future in places such asChina, India andBrazil, which at present spend only about $5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste. Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy.Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycleD、 Until last summer such views were spreading quickly.But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear. Subsidies are a bad ide A、Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up after themselves and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place. That may sound simple enough, but governments seldom get the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes.California, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive. Waste firms expect a great development inChina, India andBrazil because A、those economies have a large amount of waste to be treateD、 B．those economies develop fast but spend little on waste business. C．those economies welcome waste firms to run business there. D．those economies pay more attention to environmental protection. |
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| 第5题：The success ofAugustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints (1) the construction of ideal states, such as (2) to the Greeks. With very few exceptions, Roman theorists ignored, or rejected (3) valueless, intellectual exercises like Plato’s Republic, in (4) the relationship of the individual to the state was (5) out painstakingly without reference to (6) states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model wasCicero’sDe Re Publiea, and even hereCicero had Rome clearly in (7) . Roman thought about the state was concrete, even when it (8) religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome, Romulus, was (9) to have received authority from the gods, specifically from Jupiter, the "guarantor" of Rome.All constitutional (10) was a method of conferring and administering the (11) . Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the (12) , the family heads who formed the original senate, (13) the religious character necessary to exercise authority, because its original function was to (14) the gods.Being practical as well as exclusive, the senators moved (15) to divide the authority, holding that their consuls, or chief officials, would possess it on (16) months, and later extending its possession to lower officials. (17) the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing (18) authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only (19) the mass of the people concurre D、The system grew with enormous (20) , as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarde D、 A、dimension B．complexity C．exercise D、function |
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