考研习题练习
| 考研每日一练（2019/4/12） |
| 第1题：“重罪十条”首次规定于( )。
A．《曹魏律》 B．《泰始律》 C．《北齐律》 D．《开皇律》 |
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| 第2题："I’m a total geek all around," saysAngelaByron, a 27-year-old computer programmer who has just graduated from Nova ScotiaCommunityCollege.And yet, like many other students, she "never had the confidence" to approach any of the various open-source software communities on the internet--distributed teams of volunteers who collaborate to build software that is then made freely available.But thanks to Google, the world’s most popular search engine and one of the biggest proponents of open-source software, MsByron spent the summer contributing code toDrupal, an open-source project that automates the management of websites. "It’s awesome," she says. MsByron is one of 419 students (out of 8,744 who applied) who were accepted for Google’s "summer of code". While it sounds like a hyper-nerdy summer camp, the students neither went to Google’s campus in Mountain View,California, nor to wherever their mentors at the 41 participating open-source projects happened to be locate D、Instead, Google acted as a matchmaker and sponsor.Each of the participating open-source projects received $500 for every student it took on; and each student received $4,500 ($500 right away, and $4,000 on completion of their work). Oh, and a T-shirt. All of this is the idea ofChrisDiBona, Google’s open-source boss, who was brainstorming with Larry Page and SergeyBrin, Google’s founders, last year. They realised that a lot of programming talent goes to waste every summer because students take summer jobs flipping burgers to make money, and let their coding skills degrade. "We want to make it better for students in the summer," says Mr.DiBona, adding that it also helps the open- source community and thus, indirectly, Google, which uses lots of open-source software behind the scenes. Plus, says Mr.DiBona, "it does become an opportunity for recruiting." ElliotCohen, a student atBerkeley, spent his summer writing a "Bayesian network toolbox" for Python, an open-source programming language. "I’m a pretty big fan of Google," he says. He has an interview scheduled with Microsoft, but "Google is the only big company that I would work at," he says.And if that doesn’t work out, he now knows people in the open-source community, "and it’s a lot less intimidating.\ ElliotCohen is mentioned in the text so as to ______. A、illustrate the indirect effect of "summer of code" on Google’s recruitment B、indicate the academic level ofBerkeley, USA C、clarifyElliotCohen’s summer experience in writing network toolbox D、lay emphasis on the fact that university students are big fans of Google |
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| 第3题：Nine months after the collapse of LehmanBrothers, the world’s economic crisis is still usually discussed as though it consisted of dire bank balance-sheets, falling exports and bankruptcies or job losses in the West.But at the other end of the trail that starts with financial woes in rich countries are underweight children and anaemic expectant mothers in poor ones. New research by the United Nations’ standing committee on nutrition gives a first estimate of how the crisis has hurt the group of people most affected by the crash: the very poorest. In 1990～2007, the number of hungry people rose by about 80 million, though this was, by and large, a period of rising incomes in developing countries. In 2008 alone, the number rose a further 40 million, to 963 million—half as much in one year as during the previous 17. In other words, lots more children and pregnant women are not getting the food they neeD、The report reckons that the number of underweight children will rise from 121 million to 125 million by 2010, assuming no change in the size of the world economy (in fact, it is expected to shrink 2% this year). The WorldBank has already estimated that until 2015 the crisis will lead to between 200,000 and 400,000 more children dying every year. The poorest face two crises: the world recession and the resumption of food price rises. Food prices had been falling but even then, the global price fall did not translate into a comparable decline on local markets in most poor countries, so the poor did not benefit much. World prices bottomed out inDecember 2008 and have since risen 26%. In the poorest countries, a rise of 50% in the price of staples pushes up the family food budget from 50% to 60% of household income. Initially, people skimp on non-staple foods, cutting the quality and diversity of their intake; in the next stage, the quantity and safety of diets suffer. That in turn damages their health.Currently, around 50 million, or 40%, of pregnant women in developing countries are anaemiC、Anaemia in expectant mothers, which causes low birth weight and unhealthier babies, is likely to rise by a further 1.2 million inAsia and 700,000 inAfricA、 To make matters worse, this is happening at a time when the global slump is causing job losses or wage squeezes everywhere—worldwide unemployment rose to 6% in 2008—so in some poor countries, it now takes an extra ten hours a week or more to feed a family of five. The resulting burden falls heavily on women.As the report says starkly: "Women are usually the last to benefit from increasing income but they are usually the first to make sacrifices when the financial situation deteriorates. \ According to the first two paragraphs, ______. A、the rich countries are the main victims of the economic crisis B、people are less likely to associate world’s economic downturn with the poorest C、the income in the developing countries has been increasing in recent years D、the size of the world economy will be unchanged by 2010 |
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| 第4题：中国古代荀子说：“凡以知，人之性也。可以知，物之理也”。其哲学含义是说 A、能够认识世界是人的本性 B．客观世界能被认识是客观事物的规律所决定的 C．人的认识是对外界的反映 D．人们通过实践能够认识事物的本质 |
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| 第5题：肌丝滑行理论的直接证据是骨骼肌收缩时
A．明带和H带缩短，暗带长度不变 B．明带缩短，暗带和H带长度不变 C．暗带长度缩短，明带和H带不变 D．明带、暗带和H带长度均缩短 |
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| 第6题：对萎缩概念理解正确的是
A．组织或器官内细胞体积减小和数目减少 B．发育正常的器官、组织内实质细胞体积减小和数目减少 C．组织或器官内间质减少 D．萎缩性病变一般不能恢复 |
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第7题： |
| 【分析题】： |
| 第8题：AsAmerica’’s air becomes steadily more contaminated, activities across the nation to cope with smog appear to be lagging further and further behind actual needs despite a rising public clamor for improvement. There has been a considerable progress in the last couple of years.But the over-all picture is that so many localities haven’’t really come to grips with the air pollution problem that people might be dismayed if they knew how their welfare was being trifled with. Air pollution sources are now hurling more than 140 million tons of contaminants into the atmosphere every year, by Federal estimates. Two years ago it was only 130 million tons. The increase has been caused by many things--more people, more automobiles, more industry, more space heating, little if any reduction that more often than not are inadequate. The adverse health effects of air pollution are becoming more widely recognized, although specific medical evidence is still fragmentary.As a psychological annoyance, often called an "esthetic" factor, it translates into decreased property values. In damage to crops and other plants, its cost is reckoned in millions of dollars; in damage to structures and materials, in billions. Federal and state pollution control officials report the following highlight of the current situation. States and localities generally still have penalties for air pollution that are little more than a wrist slap (with fines as low as ＄10).Enforcement is generally sketchy and weak.And the remedial procedures are so cumbersome that more and more they are being bypassed by simple lawsuits brought by public officials or citizens. Although Federal law has required auto makers to provide vehicles with fume control equipment, few states have done anything to assure its effectiveness, after a car has left the factory, by providing for regular inspection of the equipment. Public officials in many places still seem to consider bursts of complaints from citizens preferable to complaints they might get from instituting effective air quality programs. Industries and other polluters, such as municipalities, still exert great influence, opposing or weakening regulatory laws and "packing" regulatory boards with their own spokesmen. Public resentment over air pollution is growing, as is shown by recurring incidents of picketing (设置纠察员) and increasing number of legal actions. The big Federal program to combat air pollution, under way for several years, is proceeding fairly close to schedule.But Federal auto-fume regulations will not be very productive for nearly a decade until around 100 million unregulated, older-generation cars have been replaced on the highways. The part of the Federal effort that deals with stationary pollution sources, like factories, is still largely in an organizational phase, yielding little immediate reduction in fumes.The general situation of air pollution has worsened partly because A、many local authorities haven’’t grasped the essence of pollution. B、a lot of people haven’’t started to deal seriously with the problem. C． a number of places haven’’t located the sources of contamination. D． few health organizations have realized its disastrous consequences. |
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| 第9题：在道德的功能体系中，最突出也是最重要的社会功能是()
A．认识功能 B．调节功能 C．激励功能 D．辩护功能 |
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第10题： |
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