考研每日一练（2019/4/13）

第1题：

【分析题】：

第2题：Death is inevitable, but not disease.Bacteria and viruses are no mean adversaries, nor are they easily defeateD、(46) If we fail to be watchful or to protect those most at risk, a public-health catastrophe is inevitable, and yet somewhere within the span of the last thirty years the idea of the common good has disappeared from our national consciousness, giving way to the misconception that we no longer need concern ourselves with the welfare of our fellow citizens. It is a dangerous conceit, and it leads us toward a future infected with unprecedented and unnecessary disease. A、public-health system is only as strong as its weakest link; an epidemic enforces, in the most rigorous fashion, theAmerican credo that all men are created equal. (47) If we allow one segment of our society to suffer and perish from preventable diseases, little stands in the way of collective doom. Yet today, 44 million people in the United States are without health insurance; those who can afford to pay for it generally receive inferior treatment, despite the fact thatAmericans spend $1.4 trillion annually for their health care. Prevention becomes secondary to simply keeping people alive. (48) We must not simply concern ourselves with the state ofAmerican public health; as distances collapse and human populations grow ever more mobile, so also new and deadly diseases find their way across deserts and oceans. Ironically, the medical revolutions of the twentieth century have contributed to our over-confident neglect of the public-health infrastructure. (49) We spend vast sums to lengthen the lives of terminally ill patients by a few days and refuse to make modest investments that would prevent millions of needless illnesses and death. TheAmericans we know pay too much for their health care, and compared with other countries we receive a very poor return on our investment. The reason are many, but they are not hard to understand: in essence, we have tended historically to view health care as a commodity like any other.But health is not a product; it is a public gooD、The evidence is clear even when viewed through the reductive lens of purely economic self-interest, market-based medicine is a failure. Healing people after they fall ill is vastly more expensive than preventing the illness in the first place. (50) Yet policymakers have consistently preferred the most expensive and least efficient models of health care, proving once again that the supporters of privatization are motivated not by practical economics but by an ideology that is little more than a mask concealing the most irrational self-interest.

【分析题】：

第3题：下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是( )。 A．安详 耸人听闻 揣摹 踌躇满志 B．瑕疵 融会贯通 笼络 负隅顽抗 C．廉耻 明辩是非 诠释 按部就班 D．芜秽 金碧辉煌 企慕 水泻不通

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题：中世纪最典型的教育机构是( )。 A．修道院 B．教区学校 C．主教学校 D．堂区学校

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：根据五行规律，脾病及肝属于 A．相克 B．相侮 C．母病及子 D．相乘 E．子病犯母

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第6题： A、finally B．definitely C．doubtfully D．fashionably

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题：痰涂片阳性率最高的肺癌是 A．小细胞癌 B．大细胞癌 C．腺癌 D．鳞状细胞癌

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题：我国古代私学最早兴起于( ) A．商周 B．春秋战国 C．秦汉 D．隋唐

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题：Almost everyone agrees thatAmerica’s health-care system has the incentives all wrong. Under the present system, doctors and hospitals get paid for doing more, even if added tests, operations and procedures have little chance of improving patients’ health. So what happens when someone proposes that we alter the incentives to reward better care, not more care Well, Rep. Paul Ryan and Republicans found out. No surprise:Democrats slammed them for "ending Medicare as we know it. " This predictably partisan reaction preying upon the anxieties of retirees—must depress anyone who cares about the country’s future. It is only a slight exaggeration to say that unless we end Medicare "as we know it,"America "as we know it" will enD、Spiraling health spending is the crux of our federal budget problem. In 1965—the yearCongress created Medicare and Medicaid—health spending was 2.6 percent of the budget. In 2010, it was 26.5 percent. The Obama administration estimates it will be 30.3 percent in 2016.By contrast, defense spending is about 20 percent; scientific research and development is 4 percent. Uncontrolled health spending isn’t simply crowding out other government programs; it’s also dampening overall living standards. Health economists MichaelChernew, Richard Hirth andDavidCutler recently reported that higher health costs consumed 35.7 percent of the increase in per capita income from 1999 to 2007. They also project that, under reasonable assumptions, it could absorb half or more of the gain between now and 2083. Ryan proposes to change that.Beginning in 2022, new (not existing) Medicare beneficiaries would receive a voucher, valued initially at about $ 8,000. The theory is simple. Suddenly empowered, Medicare beneficiaries would shop for lowest-cost, highest-quality insurance plans providing a required package of benefits. The health-care delivery system would be forced to restructure by reducing costs and improving quality.Doctors, hospitals and clinics would form networks; there would be more "coordination" of care, helped by more investment in information technology; better use of deductibles and co-payments would reduce unnecessary trips to doctors’ offices or clinics. It’s shock therapy. Would it work No one knows, but two things are clear. First, as Medicare goes, so goes the entire health-care system. Medicare is the nation’s largest insurance program, with 48 million recipients and spending last year of $ 520 billion. Second, few doubt that today’s health-care system has much waste: medical care that does no gooD、 Under Ryan’s plan, incentives would shift. Medicare would no longer be an openATM; the vouchers would limit total spending. Providers would face pressures to do more with less; there would certainly be charges that essential care was being denieD、The Obama administration argues that better results can be achieved by modifying incentives within the existing system. Perhaps.But history suggests skepticism. It’s Ryan’s radicalism vs. President Obama’s remedy policy. Which is realistic and which is wishful thinkingBurdened by runaway spending, Medicare "as we know it" is going to enD、The only questions are when and on whose terms. The medicare reform proposed by Ryan would have the effect of A、reducing budget in health-care and improving its efficiency. B．giving doctors and hospitals more power in health-care. C．reducing the burden of doctors and hospitals in health-care. D．shocking the medicare beneficiaries into panic and anxieties.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第10题：下列关于慢性肾炎高血压的治疗原则或方法，正确的是 A．顽固性高血压可联合应用不同降压药 B．尿蛋白定量≥1g/d者，血压应控制在130/80mmHg以下 C．尿蛋白定量＜1g/d者，血压应控制在125/75mmHg以下 D．血肌酐＜400μmol/L时，才能用ACEI

【单选题】： A     B     C     D