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【分析解答题】Euthanasia can be either active or passive: (46) Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel take a deliberate action that will induce death, such as administering an overdose of morphine, insulin , or barbiturates, followed by an injection of curare. Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment, or suspending treatment that has begun.Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patient off a respirator (a breathing apparatus) or removing other life -support systems. Stopping the food supply--usually intravenous feeding to comatose patients--has also been useD、
A、good deal of the controversy about mercy killing stems from the decision - making process. Who decides if a patient is to die This issue has not been established legally. (47) In the United States the matter is left to state law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option of death to a patient’ s relatives, especially if the patient is brain - deaD、In an attempt to make decisions about when their own lives should end, several terminally iii patients in the early 1990s used a controversial suicide device , developed byDr. Jack Kevorkian, to end their lives.
In parts ofEurope, the decision - making process has become very flexible. (48) Even in cases that are not terminal, patients have been put to death without their consent at the request of relatives or at the insistence of physicians. Many capes of involuntary euthanasia in valve older people. Newborn infants suffering from incurable conditions are also routinely allowed to die. The principle underlying this practice is that such individuals have a concept that "life not worthy of life". This concept was devised in Germany during the Nazi regime (1933 -45) , when numerous killings of the aged, mentally iii, handicapped, and others were authorized by the state.
In countries where involuntary euthanasia is not .legal , the court systems have proved very lenient in dealing with medical personnel who practice it. (49)Courts have also been somewhat lenient with friends or relatives who have assisted terminally iii patients to die or who have, in some cases ,killed them directly.
Medical advances in recent decades have made it possible to keep terminally ill people alive far beyond any hope of recovery or improvement. For this reason the "living will" has come into common use in the United States as part of the right - to - die principle. (50) Most states now legally allow the making of such wills that instruct hospitals and physicians to suspend treatment in hopeless cases or to re fuse futile life - support measures when chances of recovery are nonexistent.
The 20th - century euthanasia movement began inEngland in 1935, with the founding of the VoluntaryEuthanasia Legislation Society. In the United States the Society for the Right toDie was founded in 1938.

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试题答案：现在，大多数州在法律上都允许留下遗嘱，请医院和医师在没有希望的情况下中止治疗，或是在没有恢复的可能时，医院和医师可以拒绝采取毫无意义的维持生命的措施。 答案解析：[解析] 本句主要采用了分译法和语序调整法；此句相当长，在翻译前，应先分析一下句字的结构，句子的主干是most states allow the making of such wills，that引导的定语从句修饰wills，从句中主要部分instruct．．．to suspend．．or to refuse．．，在第二个不定式中，还含有when引导的时间状语从句，其作用相当于in hopeless cases。由于定语从句很长，不好前置到wills之前来译，因此，可译为一个分句。when引导的时间状语从句译为一个分句，并按照汉语的表述逻辑，将状语与状语从句均前置翻译。为使意思更加明确，重复翻译refuse的主语“医院和医师”。 document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>