考研每日一练（2019/4/29）

第1题：马克思主义政党是工人阶级的先锋队，它明确地指出了马克思主义政党的( ) A．革命性和斗争性 B．先进性和革命性 C．阶级性和先进性 D．先进性和科学性

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent to theBlack population of the United States left the South, where the preponderance of theBlack population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of the cotton industry following the boll weevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation ofEuropean immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants’ subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills. But the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigateD、Although numerous investigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration. No one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000Black workers, or ten percent of theBlack work force, reported themselves to be engaged in "manufacturing and mechanical pursuits," the federal census category roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South. About thirty-five percent of the urbanBlack population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery-blacksmiths, masons, carpenters-which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries—tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, andBlack workers were aware, through labor recruiters and theBlack press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South.After the boll weevil infestation, urbanBlack workers faced competition from the continuing influx of bothBlack and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question. The primary purpose of the passage is to______.A．support an alternative to an accepted methodology B．present evidence that resolves a contradiction C．introduce a recently discovered source of information D．challenge a widely accepted explanation

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题： 以下哪项列出的可能是这7名雇员最终的分配结果 A．公关部：W；生产部：F，H；Y；销售部：G，I，X B．公关部：W；生产部：G，I，X；销售部：F，H，Y C．公关部：X；生产部：F，G，H；销售部：J，y，W D．公关部：X；生产部：F，IJ，W；销售部：G，H，Y

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题：下列哪项不是特发性血小板减少性紫癜治疗中脾切除术的适应证 A．内科治疗已控制出血者 B．血小板＜2.5×109/L，有颅内出血或其他脏器大出血者 C．需长期大剂量激素治疗者 D．对激素或免疫抑制剂应用有禁忌证者

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：把个人学习与社会主义事业相联系，为未来参加祖国建设作出贡献而学习的动机属于()。 A．间接的远景性动机 B．直接的近景性动机 C．间接的近景性动机 D．直接的远景性动机

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题：站立过久出现下肢水肿的主要原因是 A．下肢静脉扩张 B．下肢血流量增大 C．下肢淋巴回流受阻 D．毛细血管压升高

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题：

【分析题】：

第8题：

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题：The idea that boys and girls—and men and women—are programmed by evolution to behave differently from one another is now widely acknowledgeD、But which of the differences between the sexes are "biological", in the sense that they have been honed by evolution, and which are "cultural" or "environmental" and might more easily be altered by changed circumstances, is still fiercely debateD、 The sensitivity of the question was shown last year by an uproar at Harvard University. Larry Summers, then Harvard’s president, caused a storm when he suggested that innate ability could be an important reason why there were so few women in the top positions in mathematics, engineering and the physical sciences. Even as a proposition for discussion, this is Unacceptable to some.But biological explanations of human behavior are making a comeback. The success of neo-Darwinism has provided an intellectual foundation for discussion about why some differences between the sexes might be innate.And new scanning techniques have enabled researchers to examine the brain’s interior while it is working, showing that male and female brains do, at one level, operate differently. The results, however, do not always support past clichés about what the differences in question actually are. One behavioral difference that has borne a huge amount of scrutiny is in mathematics, particularly sinceDr. Summers’ comments. The problem with trying to argue that the male tendency to systemize might lead to greater mathematical ability is that, in fact, girls and boys are equally good at maths prior to teenage years. Until recently, it was believed that males outperformed females in mathematics at all ages. Today, that picture has changed, and it appears that males and females of any age are equally good at computation and at understanding mathematical concepts. However, after their mid-teens, men are better at problem solving than women are. The question raised byDr. Summers does get to the heart of the matter. Over the past 50 years, women have made huge progress into academia and within it. Slowly, they have worked their way into the higher echelons of discipline after discipline.But some parts of the ivory tower have proved harder to occupy than others. The question remains, to what degree is the absence of women in science, mathematics and engineering caused by innate, immutable ability Innate it may well be. That does not mean it is immutable.A、variety of abilities are amenable to training in both sexes.And such training works.Biology may predispose, but it is not necessarily destiny. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 4A．Due to the systematic thinking, males have greater mathematical ability than females. Boys are not better at mathematics than girls are in their teenage years. C．Nowadays, females are cleverer than males in mathematics at any age. D．Boys and girls perform equally well in problem solving in teenage years.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第10题：Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier.And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilizeD、Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilizeD、Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently--this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done--is not being civilizeD、People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won.And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right. That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like.Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilateD、And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets--while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life--nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages. But we must not expect too much.After all, the race of men has only just starteD、From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months olD、Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things.All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else. The first sentence of the opening paragraph indicates that A、most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers. B、no one who really helped civilisation forward is mentioned in any history book. C、hist

【单选题】： A     B     C     D