| 考研易错题（2019/5/11） |
| 第1题： {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly onANSWER SHEET 2. In reading the pages ofAmerican Scientist, I have been struck by the stunning progress being made in science and engineering, new phenomena discovered, new materials synthesized, new methods developeD、(46){{U}} What I see behind many of these exciting stories is the widespread and even revolutionary use of distributed intelligence that is made possible by the "wiring" of the scientific community.{{/U}} It is more than a time saver or a communication enhance; it is enabling us to think in new ways and its impact on society may be monumental. The term "information age" probably does not do justice to the possibilities of this emerging erA、(47) {{U}}This is an age of "knowledge and distributed intelligence", in which knowledge is available to anyone, located anywhere, at any time; and in which power, information, and control are moving from centralized systems to individuals. {{/U}}This era calls for a new form of leadership and vision from the academic science and engineering community. We know from countless examples that the academic science and the engineering have enabled our society to make the most of new technologies. We wouldn’t have today’s advanced computer graphics systems if mathematicians hadn’t been able to solve problems related to surface geometry. (48) {{U}}We wouldn’t have networks capable of handling massive amounts of data if physicists and astronomers hadn’t continuously forged tools to look more deeply into subatomic structures and the cosmos.{{/U}}Chemists’ efforts to simulate complex phenomena and predict the properties of many electron systems have inspired massively parallel architectures for computing.And the information made available by the sequencing of the human genome has caused us to rethink how to store, manipulate, and retrieve data most effectively. (49){{U}} It will take new insights from studies of human cognition, linguistics, neurobiology, computing, and more to develop systems that truly augment our capacity to learn and create.{{/U}} The best may be yet to come. Despite brutally tight constraints on federal discretionary spending, PresidentClinton has stepped forward to champion a 3 percent increase (uncorrected for inflation) in the national 1998 budget. The president’s request is only the first step in the congressional budget process aheaD、(50) {{U}}Given that the priorities ofCongress will almost certainly differ from those of the president, it will take an unprecedented level of input and commitment from the research community to ensure the investments in science and engineering.{{/U}} |
| 第2题：目前“信息社会”、“知识经济”等名词已经为越来越多的人所熟悉和接受，社会的确在快速地发生着变化。随着社会的变化，企业组织也在不断地进行变革，其中一个重要特点是从典型的“金字塔”式的组织模式向组织扁平化转变，许多原有的组织层次被“砍”掉了，权力开始向下移动。对于企业采取这种变革举措的缘由，理论界不断地进行归纳和总结。以下四种描述，最不合适的是______。 A．信息社会的主要标志是大量使用计算机，计算机替代了人，进而促使组织扁平化 B．传统的工业社会强调稳定性和秩序，信息社会强调的是速度、快速反应和灵活性 C．在传统的工业社会中，设备和机器显得特别重要，信息社会中人和知识等更重要 D．工业社会时代市场变化速度缓慢，信息社会时代唯一不变的就是变化 |
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| 第3题： 脂肪酸p氧化、酮体生成及胆固醇合成的共同中间产物是 A．乙酰乙酰辅酶A B．甲基二羟戊酸 C．HMG CoA D．乙酰乙酸 |
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| 第4题：下列方剂中，具有滋阴益气、泻结泄热功用的是
A．增液承气汤 B．新加黄龙汤 C．济川煎 D．麻子仁丸 E．大黄附子汤 |
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| 第5题：The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the world’s great writers.Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts.Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate aupply.Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are.Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not.Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, 0nly the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to______.A．argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies B．smooth out the conflicts in human societies C、distinguish between two kinds of opposition D．summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation |
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