考研每日一练（2019/5/21）

第1题：Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of power. (1) , many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is much too (2) . It fails to (3) the great dangers we shall face in the (4) of biomedical technology that stems from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained (5) of will. In my view, our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as is the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization (6) . Certain (7) and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods of resuscitation have made (8) heroic effort to "save" the severely ill and injureD、Yet these efforts are sometimes only partly successful: They may succeed in (9) individuals, but these individuals may have sever brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating (10) . Such patients have been (11) a death with dignity. Families are forced to bear the burden of a (12) "death watch". (13) the ordinary methods of treating disease and prolonging life have changed the (14) in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar surroundings of home or in the (15) of family and friends. This loneliness, (16) , is not confined to the dying patient in the hospital beD、As a group, the elderly are the most alienated members of our society: Not yet (17) the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted (18) . We have learned how to increase their years, (19) we have not learned how to help them enjoy their days. Yet we continue to bravely and feverishly push back the frontiers (20) death. A．obtained B．afforded C．desired D．offered

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：立方晶体中(111)，(112)，(110)晶面间距最大的是______。 A、111) B、112) C、110)

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题："Target apologizes for any discomfort," said a spokesman for the discount chain. "that may have been caused by the baseball caps and shorts carrying the insignia ’88’ ." He explained that it was not the company’s intent to promote hate. Since when does 88 mean "hate" It turns out that some neoNazis have discovered that the eighth letter of the alphabet is "h", and to them the number 88 is an oh-so- secret ceded symbol for "heil Hitler" . TheBoston Herald recalled the days of dot-and-dash telegraphy, with its two-digit codes for common phrases, and observed that "onCB、and ham radio, and at the bottom of an odd e-mail, you still run across ’88’—’love and kisses’, which no gallant will dare use anymore to pique the interest of the YLs ( young ladies) for fear they’ll think he is a bug-eyed, swastika--tattooed nutcake" Fans ofChet Gould’s "Dick Tracy" strip of the 1950’s will remember a piano-playing cartoon character with the musical name "88 Keys", played by Mandy Patinkin in the 1990 movie version. It comes from the number of keys on a piano keyboard, and its symbol can be the opposite of hatred: "Some of those 88 keys are white, and some black," notes Larry Horn of Yale University, "all playing together in peaceful harmony-and each set pretty boring on its own. Makes you wonder." This latest superstition imposed on a number, and its panicky effect on merchants, is nothing new. It’s a variant of 311, throe references to the 11th letter, k, for the Ku Klux Klan. (Manufacturers who may have inadvertently turned out baseball caps with that number on it will now turn white as a sheet.) Before that, 666 was a hot number for the nervous. In the New Testament’s Revelation 13: 9-18, theApostle John recalls a vision of a boast that was an opponent ofChrist: "Count the number of the beast," goes the King James Version, "for it is the number of a man; and his number is six hundred threescore and six." Extrapolating this into a name is an example of gematria, an ancient numbers game that assigns each letter of the alphabet a numerical value. Some scholars point out that the verse characterizes, but does not name, the beast-which aren’t Satan. Numbers are not letters. Hate groups and concerned cabals do not own the numbers, which can be used to stand for anything. So wear 88 all you like, and if you have nightmares about 666, as soda jerks used to say I’m 86 on the mail. What does "the musical name ’88 Keys’" ( Line 2, ParA．4) implyA、A、piano-playing cartoon character.B、A、1990 movie version. C、Peaceful harmony.D、Hatre

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题：

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：Among the many other things it is, a portrait is always a record of the personal and artistic encounter that produced it. It is possible for artists to produce portraits of individuals who have not sat for them, but the portrait that finally emerges normally betrays the restrictions under which the artist has been forced to labor.Even when an artist’’s portrait is simply a copy of someone else’’s work-as in the many portraits of QueenElizabeth I that were produced during her lifetime-the never-changing features of a ruler who refused to sit for her court painters reflect not only the supposed powers of an ever-youthful queen but the remoteness of those attempting to depict her as well.　　Portraits are "occasional" not only in the sense that they are closely tied to particular events in the lives of their subjects but in the sense that there is usually an occasion-however brief, uncomfortable, artificial, or unsatisfactory it may prove to be-in which the artist and subject directly confront each other;and thus the encounter a portrait records is most really the sitting itself. The sitting may be brief or extended, collegial or confrontational.Cartier-Bresson has expressed his passion for portrait photography by characterizing it as "a duel without rules". WhileCartier-Bresson reveals himself as an interloper and opportunist, RichardAvedon confesses to a role as diagnostician and psychic healer: not as someone who necessarily transforms his subjects, but as someone who reveals their essential nature.Both photographers appear to agree on one basis, however, which is that the fundamental dynamic in this process lies squarely in the hands of the artist.　　 A、quite-different example has its roots not in confrontation or consultation but in active collaboration between the artist and sitter. This very different kind of relationship was formulated most vividly by William Hazlitt in his essay entitled "On Sitting for One’’s Picture". To Hazlitt, the "bond of connection" between painter and sitter is most like the relationship between two lovers: "They are always thinking and talking of the same thing, in which their self love finds an equal counterpart." Hazlitt flashes out his thesis by recounting particular episodes from the career of Sir Joshua Reynolds.According to Hazlitt, Reynolds’’ sitters, accompanied by their friends, were meant to enjoy an atmosphere that was both comfortable for them and conductive to the enterprise of the portrait painter, who was simultaneously their host and their contractual employee. In the case of artists like Reynolds, no fundamental difference exists between the artist’’s studio and all those other rooms in which the sitters spin out the days of their lives. The act of entering Reynolds’’ studio did not necessarily transform those who sat for him.Collaboration in portraiture such as Reynolds’’ is based on the sitter’’s comfort and security as well as on his or her desire to experiment with something new, and it is in this "creation of another self", as Hazlitt put it, that the painter’’s subjects may properly see themselves for the first time.It would be most consistent with the text to infer that Reynolds A、may have provided a transforming experience for some sitters. B、must have worked primarily with experienced portrait subjects. C．might have frequently painted portraits at his subjects’’ homes. D．could have been alone with his sitters while portraying them.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题：Beyond question,Clinton was supposed to close up, stay out of sight, and avoid second- guessing his wife’s boss.After his ego blustered into oncoming traffic during Hillary’s heated primary race (1) Obama, the nation suffered from yet another turn ofClinton fatigue. (2) this weekBillClinton showed an instinct for robust, inclusive leadership that the (3) White House occupant could make good use of right for the time being. With President Obama struggling to (4) the political damage from the Gulf oil spill,Clinton not only can’t help himself—he’s worth being listeneD、 The conventional-wisdom (5) on President Obama’s early reaction to the spill was (6) he didn’t emote enough. He didn’t feel the (7) of all those people in the crisis whose livelihood would be destroyed, whose clean waters and wildlife would be (8) in black gunk. Clinton considers this is an unfair (9) but offers a different—and more pointed— lesson to his young successor. "I think we ought to (10) in the same boat for a while... Let’s just (11) the problem, and then we can hold everybody responsible and emote or not emote, "Clinton conversed (12) CNNAnchor WolfBlitzer. Obama’s first (13) after the oil spill was to "feel the blame" rather than "feel the pain, " which are pretty sarcastic words as it were. No one intends to letBritish PetroleumBP) management (14) the hook—for dangerously cutting corners, and for a (15) safety recorD、However, the President’s (16) focus on scoldingBP consumed (17) White House energy while the oil gusheD、 Great leaders don’t rush to criticise; Instead they instinctively (18) solutions. Rudy Giuliani, who didn’t stop to blame (19) intelligence for letting it happen, stood out from New York mayor with a girlfriend problem to 9/11 hero when he took control of a crisis and instilled confidence that a ravaged city could (20) beyond a terrorist attack. A、call for B．sum up C、go over D．look for

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题： 一畅销自助书的出版商在一些促销材料中声称这本书将向读者展示如轲成为一个卓越成功的人。当然，每个人都知道没有书能给很多人带来那些从定义上一定仅局限于少数人的卓越的成功。因此，尽管出版商很明显故意地做了一个虚假的声明，但是在这种情况下这种做法不应该被认为是不道德的。下面哪一原则如果正确，能最强有力地支持上面的推理 A．只要人们能合情合理地接受某一虚假的声明为真，那么故意做出这样的声明就是符合道德的。 B．如果做出虚假声明的人在损害那些认为该虚假声明为真的人的情况下获益，那么故意做出这样的声明是不道德的。 C．当那些认为某一虚假声明为真的人遭受的困难比他们期望的收益大时，故意做出这样的虚假声明是不道德的。 D．只要可能有人会认为某一虚假声明是真的，那么故意做出这样的声明就是不正确的。

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题：The author is primarily concerned with ______. A．countering a flawed argument that dismisses a possible solution to a problem B．reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problem C．identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problem D．discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题： 对酶工程在实际生产中的应用，表述不准的是( )。 A．高果糖浆在饮料制造中已有取代蔗糖的趋势。 B．酶工程打破甘蔗和甜菜种植范围的限制，提高了蔗糖的产量。 C．猪的胰岛素能变成人的胰岛素。 D．酶的性能是可以改变的。

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第10题：Starting with his review of Skinner’s VerbalBehavior, NoamChomsky had led the psycholinguists who argue that man has developed an innate (天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languages.Experience and learning then provide only information about the (1) instances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people within a particular language (2) . This linguistic approach (3) the view that language is built upon learned associations between words. What is learned is not strings of words per se (本身), but (4) rules that enable a speaker to (5) an infinite variety of novel sentences. (6) single words are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-one (7) with the particular thing signified, but (8) all members of a general class. This view of the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readily (9) into existing psychological frameworks and (10) a challenge that has stimulated much thought and new research directions.Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles "intrinsic (原有的) to the mind" that provide invariant structures (11) perceiving, learning and thinking. Language (12) all of these processes; thus its study (13) our theories of knowledge in general. Basic to this model of language is the notion that a child’s learning of language is a kind of theory (14) . It’s thought to be accomplished (15) explicit instruction, (16) of intelligence level, at an early age when he is not capable of other complex (17) or motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. (18) , the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broad (19) power.Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theory (20) it not for the innate existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages. A．had B．should C、were D．be

【单选题】： A     B     C     D