| 考研每日一练（2019/6/4） |
| 第1题：Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men.But the great universal of male mortality is being changeD、Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removeD、Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A、kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past.Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminisheD、India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring--means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arriveD、Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years--even the past 100 years--our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they" look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension. "No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness.But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage A、Sex RatioChanges in HumanEvolution. B．Ways ofContinuing Man’’sEvolution. C．TheEvolutionary Future of Nature. D．HumanEvolution Going Nowhere. |
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| 第2题：单项选择 |
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| 第3题：Kimiyuki Suda should he a perfect customer for Japan’s car-makers. He’s a young, successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable (1) . He used to own Toyota’s Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle.But now he uses (2) subways and trains. "It’s not inconvenient at all," he says. (3) , "having a car is so 20th century." Suda reflects a worrisome (4) in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, (5) among the young, who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices. (6) mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular, everything in between is (7) . Last year sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent (8) you don’t count the mini-car market. There have been (9) one-year drops in other nations: sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 (10) a tax increase.But experts say Japan is (11) in that sales have been decreasing steadily (12) time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007. Alarmed by this state of (13) , the JapanAutomobile ManufacturersAssociation (JAMA、 (14) a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found that a (15) wealth gap, demographic changes and (16) lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their (17) longer, replace their cars with smaller ones (18) give up car ownership altogether. JAMA、 (19) a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year. Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer, further consolidation in the automotive sector is (20) . A、quickeningB、widening C、strengthening D、lengthening |
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| 第4题：Electronic or "cyber" warfare holds the promise of destroying an army’s-or even a whole nation’s--ability to function without hurting human life. The technology is reaching the point, however, where cyber warfare may be decisive in its own right. 46) In highly centralized military operations, communications and data management have become essential tools linking individual small units and the central command structure. The neutron bomb is one of the most horrid weapons ever devised: It doesn’t damage property; it only kills higher life-forms. 47) Wouldn’t the opposite be wonderful, a device like the robot’s ray in TheDay theEarth Stood Stills which melts down weapons but not soldiers Electronic or "cyber" warfare--hacking into an enemy’s computers, jamming radio transmissions, and tile like. The United States has very good electronic warfare capabilities, but has used them only to support conventional military operations. 48)Before we imagine what such a "cyberwar" scenario might be like, let’s briefly look at how electronic warfare developeD、 During theCivil War, operations conducted by the Union army against theConfederate telegraph system foretold modern twentieth-century electronic warfare. Union operatives penetratedConfederate lines to tap into and read military traffic on theConfederate telegraph system. 49) Not only did these operations yield valuable intelligence information, but some operators even began sending bogus messages to sow confusion in theConfederate ranks. Just before World War I, radio communication seemed like a real boon to naval operations because it allowed ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communications, especially in bad weather.Before this time, flags or light blinkers with limited range provided the only means of communication between ships. Naval ship captains, however, were aware that a sophisticated set of shore-based equipment could locate ships by their radio transmission.By listening to the transmissions, the enemy could ascertain the number and type of ships even if they could not decode actual messages. For this reason, the U. S. Navy was particularly resistant to using radio. However, U. S. military observers aboardBritish warships soon saw that the tactical advantages of radio outweighed the intelligence losses. Electronic warfare grew rapidly in World War II with the advent of radar. 50) Monitoring radar frequencies allowed spoofing or jamming of enemy radar and led to major units and equipment devoted solely to countermeasures and counter-countermeasures. Gathering intelligence from radio transmissions also increased greatly. Today, every modem nation has the capability to monitor, jam, or otherwise interfere with an adversary’s radio communications. Most nations have also developed jam-resistant communications and intelligence-gathering equipment. Electronic or "cyber" warfare holds the promise of destroying an army’s-or even a whole nation’s--ability to function without hurting human life. The technology is reaching the point, however, where cyber warfare may be decisive in its own right. 46) In highly centralized military operations, communications and data management have become essential tools linking individual small units and the central command structure. The neutron bomb is one of the most horrid weapons ever devised: It doesn’t damage property; it only kills higher life-forms. 47) Wouldn’t the opposite be wonderful, a device like the robot’s ray in TheDay theEarth Stood Stills which melts down weapons but not soldiersElectronic or "cyber" warfare--hacking into an enemy’s computers, jamming radio transmissions, and tile like. The United States has very good electronic warfare capabilities, but has used them only to support conventional military operations. 48 )Before we imagine what such a "cyberwar" scenario might be like, let’s briefly look at how elect |
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| 第5题：为了促进毒物从体内尽快排出，下列哪种毒物中毒首选血浆置换进行血液净化
A．苯巴比妥 B．水杨酸 C．蛇毒 D．氯酸盐 |
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| 第6题：{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} The only serious legislative proposal on the table offers such enforcement, because it focuses on making employers accountable for their hiring practices. To that end, the bill incorporates lessons learned from the largest immigration enforcement operation ever undertaken. LastDecember,Department of Homeland Security agents descended on meat processing plants run by Swirl &Company in six states, arresting more than 1,200 unauthorized workers. The arrests were astonishing because Swift participates inBasic Pilot, a voluntaryDepartment of Homeland Security program that allows employers to electronically verify the work eligibility of newly hired workers against department and Social Security databases. The program is seen as the precursor for a verification system that would become mandatory with comprehensive immigration reform. Since Swirl was using the department’s system, how did it end up with illegal workers TheBasic Pilot program has a fatal flaw, which is that it requires only electronic verification of employment qualification.An effective program should also insist on tamper-proof identification documents for job-seekers, incorporating biometrics like digital photographs and fingerprints to prove identity. Only then would it be possible to establish not only that job applicants are authorized to work, but also that they are who they say they are. Otherwise, valid Social Security numbers can be presented to employers, andBasic Pilot will verify them, but the numbers may not belong to the workers who present them. To insist on secure documents with biometric identifiers is not a call for a national ID、Green cards, temporary work permits and passports are secure and reliable for hiring purposes.Adding Social Security cards to this list, establishing a single standard for their security features, and replacing old cards over a designated period would resolve the problem on a national scale. Only then would employers be able to comply reliably with verification requirements as the basis for sound enforcement and, by extension, border control. Legal immigrants andAmerican citizens could prove their identities and qualifications to work without facing discrimination based on appearance or language. Scarce enforcement resources could be spent on apprehending real criminals and addressing national security threats.And a new system of enforcement would at last have a chance to win back public confidence in the nation’s immigration policies.After more than 20 years of failed efforts,Congress must not bake half a loaf. Secure biometric Social Security cards are an essential ingredient in any comprehensive immigration reform. |
| 第7题：一个虚拟的存储器，其地址空间的大小等于辅存的容量加上主存的容量。 |
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| 第8题： According to the passage what do we know about Galileo A．Galileo stood strongly against Catholic belief. B．Galileo died because of the great stress under house arrest. C．Galileo had believed Copernican theory since early on. D．Galileo founded modern physics himself. |
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| 第9题：Alcohol use is the number one drug problem among young people. It’s easy to understand why. For adults, alcohol is legal, widely (1) inAmerican culture and easily (2) . Many kids can get a drink right in their own homes. (3) are drinking younger and more frequently than (4) , often beginning around age 13, according to studies. The average number of alcoholic drinks among college students is five on a single (5) , according to a recent survey.Among those younger 21, it is 5.5 drinks, and among (6) 21 and older, it is 4.2 drinks. Young people almost always begin drinking because of (7) pressure, in an attempt to be accepted and (8) in the group.According to the U.S. Surgeon General, more than half of junior and senior high school students drink alcoholic (9) . More than 40 percent of those who drink admit to drinking when upset, 31 percent admit to drinking (10) , 25 percent admit to drinking when (11) and 25 percent admit to drinking to get " (12) ." This is a (13) , serious problem (14) college campuses today. In 1997 Harvard University’s School of Public Health surveyed students at 130 colleges for a college (15) study and found about two of every five college students (16) in binge drinking. (17) binge drinkers at college were 22 times more (18) than non-binge drinkers to have problems, (19) missed classes, falling behind in school work, getting in trouble or hurt and engaging in (20) sexual activity. A、improvedB、included C、inspired D、instructed |
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| 第10题： 填在横线处，最恰当的一项是： 李白的诗歌固然有高度的艺术技巧，但若论章法的严密、用典的巧妙、对偶的工整，未必就比别人高明许多。若论比喻的新鲜、想象的奇特、夸张的大胆，______李白乃是以气夺人。气的充沛与浩大是盛唐文化的特点，也是李白诗歌具有特殊魅力的一个重要原因。 A．虽有过人之处，可是只凭这些显然不足以产生那么强大的艺术力量。 B．却有过人之处，虽然凭这些也无法产生这么强大的艺术力量。 C．虽然胜过一般诗人，然而仅凭种种修辞手法也难以产生如此强大之艺术力量。 D．虽说有比别人强的地方，可光仗着这种本事就能使人觉得读起来有滋味有劲头吗 |
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