考研每日一练（2019/6/13）

第1题：

【分析题】：

第2题： A、to B．for C．at D．towards

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：下列事物中，属于历史唯物主义“社会存在”范畴的有 A、人们的物质生产实践活动　 B．人们实践活动所利用的自然资源 C．人们在实践活动中所形成的各种社会关系 D．人们实践活动所创造的生产力 E．规范人们实践活动的法律制度

【多选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第4题： 缺铁性贫血采用铁剂治疗，观察疗效最早的指标是 A．红细胞平均体积增大 B．血清铁、总铁结合力恢复正常 C．网织红细胞增高 D．血红蛋白上升 E．骨髓红系细胞形态恢复

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第5题：20世纪意大利学前教育家蒙台梭利教育方法的主要特点是强调______。 A．自然后果 B、作业的作用 C．感官教育 D、游戏的作用

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题：Trying to getAmericans to eat a healthy diet is a frustrating business.Even the best-designed public-health campaigns cannot seem to compete with the tempting flavors of the snack-food and fast-food industries and their fat-and sugar-laden products. The results are apparent on a walk down anyAmerican street—more than 60% ofAmericans are overweight, and a full quarter of them are overweight to the point of obesity. Now, health advocates say, an ill-conceived redesign-has taken one of the more successful public-health campaigns--the Food Guide Pyramid--and rendered it confusing to the point of uselessness. Some of these critics worry thatAmerica’ sDepartment ofAgriculture caved to pressure from parts of the food industry anxious to protect theft products. The Food Guide Pyramid was a graphic which emphasizes that a healthy diet is built on a base of gains, vegetables and fruits, followed by ever-decreasing amounts of dairy products, meat, sweets and oils. The agriculture department launched the pyramid in 1992 to replace its previous program, which was centered on the idea of four basic food groups. The "Basic Four" campaign showed a plate divided into quarters, and seemed to imply that meat and dairy products should make up haft of a healthy diet, with grains, fruits and vegetables making up the other half. It was replaced only over the strenuous objections of the meat and dairy industries. The old pyramid was undoubtedly imperfect. It failed to distinguish between a doughnut and a whole-grain roll, or a hamburger and a skinless chicken breast, and it did not make clear exactly how much of each foodstuff to eat. It did, however, manage to convey the basic idea of proper proportions in an easily understandable way. The new pyramid, called "My Pyramid", abandons the effort to provide this information. Instead, it has been simplified to a mere logo. The food groups are replaced with unlabelled, multi-colored vertical stripes which, in some versions, rise out of a cartoon jumble of foods that look like the aftermath of a riot at a grocery store.Anyone who wants to see how this translates into a healthy diet is invited to go to a website, put in their age, sex and activity level, and get a custom-designed pyramid, complete with healthy food choices and suggested portion sizes. This is free for those who are motivated, but might prove too much effort for those who most need such information. Admittedly, the designers of the new pyramid had a tough job to do. They were supposed to condense the advice in the 84-page United States’Dietary Guidelines into a simple, meaningful graphic suitable for printing on the back of a cereal box.And they had to do this in the face of pressure from dozens of special interest groups--from the country’ s PotatoBoard, which thought potatoes would look nice in the picture, to theAlmondBoard ofCalifornia, which felt the same way about almonds.Even the National Watermelon PromotionBoard and theCaliforniaAvocadoCommission were eager to see their products recognizeD、 Nevertheless, many health advocates believe the new graphic is a missed opportunity.Although officials insist industry pressure had nothing to do with the eventual design, some critics suspect that political influence was at work. On the other hand, it is not clear how much good even the best graphic could do. Surveys found that 80% ofAmericans recognized the old Food Guide Pyramid--a big success in the world of public-health campaigns. Yet only 16% followed its advice. It can be inferred from the text that A、the effect of a well designed graph might be very small. B．the new pyramid is definitely doomed to be a failure. C．political influence will never be waved from the design. D．the PotatoBoard of the country is very influential.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题：现代社会不仅需要法律这种社会规范，而且还需要道德、习俗等其他社会规范。这表明 A．法律的起源与道德有关 B．有些法律规范是由社会习俗演化而来的 C．法律规范和其他社会规范的表现形式不同 D．法律不是唯一的调整人们行为的社会规范

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题：William Shakespeare described old age as "second childishness" — sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste. In the case of taste he may, musically speaking, have been even more perceptive than he realizeD、 A、paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the NationalCentre for Research andCare ofAlzheimer’sDisease inBrescia, Italy, shows that one form of senile dementia can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression, if not to infancy, then at least to a patient’s teens. Frontotemporal dementia is caused, as its name suggests, by damage to the front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech, and with such "higher" functions as abstract thinking and judgment. Frontotemporal damage therefore produces different symptoms from the loss of memory associated withAlzheimer’s disease, a more familiar dementia that affects the hippocampus and amygdala in the middle of the brain. Frontotemporal dementia is also rarer thanAlzheimer’s. In the past five years the centre inBrescia has treated some 1,500Alzheimer’s patients; it has seen only 46 with frontotemporal dementi A、 Two of those patients interestedDr. Frisoni. One was a 68-year-old lawyer, the other a 73-year-old housewife.Both had undamaged memories, but displayed the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementia—a diagnosis that was confirmed by brain scanning. About two years after he was first diagnosed, the lawyer, once a classical music lover who referred to pop music as "mere noise", started listening to the Italian pop band "883".As his command of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated, he continued to listen to the band at full volume for many hours a day. The housewife had not even had the lawyer’s love of classical music, having never enjoyed music of any sort in the past.But about a year after her diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her 11-year-old granddaughter was listening to. This kind of change in musical taste was not seen in any of theAlzheimer’s patients, and thus appears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementi A、And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal dememia patients sometimes gain new talents. Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities are known.And in another lapse of musical taste, one woman with the disease suddenly started composing and singing country and western songs. Dr. Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novel experiences. Previous studies of novelty-seeking behavior suggest that it is managed by the brain’s right frontal lobe. A、predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the latter, might thus lead to a quest for new experience.Alternatively, the damage may have affected some specific neural circuit that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of musiC、Whether that is a gain or a loss is a different matter.AsDr. Frisoni puts it in his article,De Gustibus NonDisputandumEst. Or, in plainer words, there is no accounting for taste. From the two patients mentioned in the passage, it can be concluded that______. A、their command of language has deteriorated B、their emotional attachments to friends and family are being lost C．the Frontotemporal dementia can bring new gills D．Frontotemporal dementia can cause patients to change their musical tastes

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题： 我国中小学对学生进行德育的基本方法是 ( ) A．说服教育法 B．榜样示范法 C．实际锻炼法 D．陶冶教育法

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第10题：When Rupert Murdoch sees beams of light in theAmerican advertising market, it is not necessarily time to reach for the sunglasses. Last October, when the impact of September 11th was only beginning to tell, the boss of NASCAR, a media group, had already identified " strong rays of sunshine". With ad sales still languishing, Mr. Murdoch declared last month that " there are some hints of a modest upswing in tile US advertising market". His early optimism turned out to be misplace D、Now, however, other industry observers are beginning to agree with him. Advertising usually exaggerates the economic cycle, falling sharply and early in a downturn, and rebounding strongly once the economy has begun to recover. This is because most managers prefer to trim their ad budgets rather than their payrolls, and restore such spending only once they feel sure that things are looking up. Last year,America’s ad market shrank by 9. 8% , according toCMIR, a research firm.Although ad spending has not yet recovered across all media, some analysts now expect overall ad spending to start to grow in the third quarter. The signs of improvement are patchy, however.Ad spending on radio and television seems to be inching up—advertising onAmerican National Radio was up 2% in January on the same period last year, according toAegis—while spending on magazines and newspapers is still weak.Even within any one market, there are huge differences; just pick up a copy of one of the now-slimline high-teeh magazines that once bulged with ads, and compare it with the hefty celebrity or women’s titles.Advertisers in some categories, such as the travel industry, are still reluctant to buy space or airtime, while others, such as the car and movie businesses, have been bolder. The winter Olympics, held last month in Salt LakeCity, has also distorted the spending on broadcast advertising in the first quarter. Nonetheless, there is an underlying pattern. One measure is the booking of ad spots for national brands on local television.By early March, according to Mr. Westerfield’s analysis, such bookings were growing fast across eight out of the top ten advertising sectors, led by the financial and motor industries. UBS Warburg now expects the " upfront" market, which starts in May when advertisers book advance ad spots on the TV networks for the new season in September, to be up 4% on last year. On some estimates, even online advertising could pick up by the end of the year. Signs of improvement are visible in the advertising of______. [A] high-tech magazines and sports industry [B] celebrity magazines and travel industry [C] women’s magazines and car industry [D] movie industry and high-teeh magazines

【单选题】： A     B     C     D