| 考研易错题（2019/7/25） |
| 第1题：《中华苏维埃共和国宪法大纲》修订于( )。
A．1932年1月 B．1932年7月 C．1933年1月 D．1934年1月 |
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| 第2题： {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly onANSWER SHEET 2. When the Vikings invaded GreatBritain, they did more than slaughter the population, ransack the cities and scorch the earth. They also left substantial influence on theEnglish language words like slaughter, ransack and scorch. (46){{U}}Now, a single word in an ancient manuscript has led a U. S. linguist to conclude that the influence of the Norse on theEnglish language may have come as much as a century earlier than most scholars had thought.{{/U}} The find came whenEnglish professor JonathanEvans of the University of Georgia was reading a passage to his OldEnglish class from theAnglo-SaxonChronicle and a Norse word, theora, jumped out at him. The 1122 text, according to generations of scholars, was supposed to be too early to contain evidence ofDanish influence on OldEnglish. (47){{U}}But the fact that the text used the Nordic form of "their" rather than the OldEnglish hiera or heora, suggested that Norsemen and theirEnglish hosts were not only living side-by-side inEngland’sEast Midlands but also were in "frequent, peaceful communication",Evans contends.{{/U}} "I thought I had made a mistake," when he first saw the word, he saiD、"There it was, sitting there in plain sight. Nobody saw thisDanish word sitting there. I kept it quiet because I thought I made a mistake." But he was urged to investigate by a visitingDanish scholar, Hans Nielsen. (48){{U}}SoEvans spent several years pursuing a hunch that a RomanCatholic monk slipped into the local dialect while copying out the ancient historical work for his monastery.{{/U}} If so, that suggests toEvans that Norse and West-Saxon dialects of OldEnglish had mingled significantly by the 12th century if not earlier. The result ofEvans’ research is a paper, recently published in the journal North-WesternEuropean LanguageEvolution. (49){{U}}His paper puts forth the theory that the monk’s use of the Norse word is the first datable example inEnglish of Scandinavian-derived plural pronouns, antecedents of the modernEnglish words they, them, and their.{{/U}} (50){{U}}" This is a footnote in a much more well-known story—the story of Scandinavian borrowings in theEnglish language." saidEvans, who can read texts inDanish, French, OldEnglish and Old IcelandiC、{{/U}} "It’s going to be interesting to see how other scholars view this discovery but I think I’ve made my case for it." |
| 第3题：一个政党的思想路线一般是指一个政党在思考其纲领、方针、政策及一切活动所要遵循的最广泛最基本最重要的准则，其实质是一个党用什么样的世界观、方法论去认识世界、改造世界。 请回答： (1)党的思想路线的四个内容在思想路线中的地位和作用是什么 (2)为什么说实事求是是党的思想路线的核心和实质 (3)党的思想路线的理论意义和现实意义是什么 |
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| 第4题：The SupremeCourt’’ s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, theCourt in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect," a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects―a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen―is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally iii patients’’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. NancyDubler, director of Montefiore MedicalCenter, contends that the principle will shield doctors who" until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death." GeorgeAnnas, chair of the health law department atBoston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It’’s like surgery," he says." We don’’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’’re a physician, you can risk your patients’’ suicide as long as you don’’t intend their suicide." On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before theCourt’’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the NationalAcademy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report,ApproachingDeath: ImprovingCare at theEnd of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of" ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care." Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes" systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards" must make it clear.., that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."GeorgeAnnas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they A、manage their patients incompetently. B、give patients more medicine than neede D、 C． reduce drug dosages for their patients. D、prolong the needless suffering of the patients. |
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| 第5题： 一政府机构公布了航空公司的信用等级，把晚点航班比例最小的航空公司列入最高信誉等级，这家机构的目的是要建立一个客观的方法来衡量不同航空公司在遵守公布的航空时刻表方面的相对有效性。下面哪一个如果正确，将使得这家机构信用等级的使用无效 A．旅行者有时候对某一给定时间的确定旅程的航空公司别无选择。 B．班机经常由于糟糕的天气条件而晚点，而某些航空公司受坏天气影响要多于其他航空公司。 C．所有航空公司的班机时刻表允许班机有额外的时间进入或离开繁忙的机场 D．航空公司的职员意识到这家政府机构正在监管所有晚点的航空公司班机。 |
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