考研习题练习

考研每日一练（2019/8/14）
第1题：外汇储备是一个国家国际储备的重要组成部分。在统一的市场上，一国的商品要实现更多的价值，赚到更多的外汇，一般通过：


A．改进生产技术，提高本国的劳动生产率
B．提高本国货币价值以兑换更多的外汇
C．减少商品生产的社会必要劳动时间
D．提高出口产品的价格
【单选题】：      

第2题：以下哪项与急性胰腺炎的病因无关
A．胰液分泌旺盛
B．Oddi括约肌痉挛
C．胰液排出受阻
D．胆总管开口处梗阻
【单选题】：      

After World War Ⅱ the glorification of an ever-larger GNP formed the basis of a new materialism, which became a sacred obligation for all Japanese governments, businesses and trade unions.Anyone who mentioned the undesirable by-products of rapid economic growth was treated as a heretiC、Consequently, everything possible was done to make conditions easy for the manufacturers. Few dared question the wisdom of discharging untreated waste into the nearest water body or untreated smoke into the atmosphere. This silence was maintained by union leaders as well as by most of the country’s radicals; except for a few isolated voices, no one protesteD、An insistence on treatment of the various effluents would have necessitated expenditures on treatment equipment that in turn would have given rise to higher operating costs. Obviously, this would have meant higher prices for Japanese goods, and ultimately fewer sales and lower industrial growth and GNP.
The pursuit of nothing but economic growth is illustrated by the response of the Japanese government to theAmerican educational mission that visited Japan in 1947.After surveying Japan’s educational program, theAmericans suggested that the Japanese fill in their curriculum gap by creating departments in chemical and sanitary engineering. Immediately, chemical engineering departments were established in all the country’s universities and technical institutions. In contrast, the recommendation to form sanitary engineering departments was more or less ignored, because they could bring no profit.By 1960, only two second-rate universities, Kyoto and Hokkaido, were interested enough to open such departments.
The reluctance to divert funds from production to conservation is explanation enough for a certain degree of pollution, but the situation was made worse by the type of technology the Japanese chose to adopt for their industrial expansion. For the most part, they simply copiedAmerican industrial methods. This meant that methods originally designed for use in a country that stretched from theAtlantic to the Pacific with lots of air and water to use as sewage receptacles were adopted for an area a fraction of the size. Moreover, the Japanese diet was much more dependent on water as a source of fish and as an input in the irrigation of rice; consequently discharged wastes built up much more rapidly, in the food chain. (373 words)

{{B}}Notes:{{/B}} heretic 异教徒。sanitary 卫生的。for the most part 基本上。receptacle 储存地。
第3题：{{B}}Text 3{{/B}}
According to the text, no measures were resorted to in environmental protection after World War Ⅱ in Japan becauseA．they were reckoned to be unnecessary.
B．they would check economic development.
C．no one was much interested in them.
D．pollution was held as inevitable at that time.
【单选题】：      
第4题：阅读下列材料
材料1
中国工程院进行的一个咨询项目显示：在中国西北，生活在水环境严重污染地区和中度污染地区的人口数量，已占西北地区总人口的79.1%。严重污染的地区包括黄河干流、渭河干流、疏勒河流域以及伊犁河流域21个城市(地区)所在的主要河段，水质已不能满足农业灌溉用水的标准，有的已成为黑臭河段。 中度污染地区主要有新疆的乌鲁木齐市、甘肃的白银市以及陕西的铜川市等14个城市(地区)，水质目前尚可满足工农业生产要求，但已不能作为饮用水源，而且基本已无环境容量，若不能控制排污很快将成为严重污染区。尚未明显污染的地区有27个地市，虽然这些水质良好区域的面积占西北地区总面积的59.8%，但大部分处于荒漠地带，其人口只占西北地区总人口的20.9%。
材料2
“必须清醒地看到，我国人口多、资源人均占有量少的国情不会改变，非再生性资源储量和可用量不断减少的趋势不会改变，资源环境对经济增长制约作用越来越大，人民群众对生态环境质量的要求也必然越来越高。从长远看，经济发展和人口资源环境的矛盾会越来越突出，可持续发展的压力会越来越大。对这些突出矛盾和问题，我们务必高度重视，按照树立和落实科学发展观的要求，始终把控制人口、节约资源、保护环境放在重要战略位置，把工作抓得紧而又紧、做得实而又实。”
——胡锦涛在中央人口资源环境工作座谈会上的讲话(2004年4月4日)
请回答：
(1)根据材料1说明什么是可持续发展
(2)根据材料2，结合环境的现状，说明保护环境和可持续发展的关系。
(3)谈谈如何坚持可持续发展战略
【分析题】：

第5题：Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower.But the desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible. You soon become absorbed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize that you have spent far too much time there.
This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this.A、music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart’s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: "Can I help you, sir " You needn’t buy anything you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary.
You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing -- something which had only vaguely interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous.Booksellers must be both long suffering and indulgent.
There is a story which wei1 illustrates this.A、medical student had to read a textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldn’t obtain it from the library and the only copy he could find was in his bookshop.Every afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day, however, he was dismayed to find the book missing from its usual place and about to leave when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him.Expecting to be reproached, he went toward him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book, which was tucked away in a corner. "I put it there in case anyone was tempted to buy it," he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.
You may spend too much time in a bookshop becauseA．the dust-jackets are very attractive.
B．you start reading one of the books.
C．it is raining outside.
D．you have to make sure you don’t buy a dull book as a present.
【单选题】：      

第6题：According to the text, HDTV
A. has its limitations.
B．is a landmark in TV technology.
C．is likely to be accepted by the mass.
D．is doubted by manufacturers on its practicability.
【单选题】：      

第7题：采用下列何种措施可避免细菌产生耐药性( )
A、合理使用抗菌药物
B．轮换供药
C．足够的剂量与疗程
D．联合用药
E．开发新的抗菌药物
【多选题】：        

第8题："Popular art" has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision, which range from folklore to junk, with poles being clear enough but the middle tending to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930’s, for example, has elements of folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art, never aspiring to high art. Schubert andBrahms, however, used elements of popular music--folk themes--in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a different one : he took a popular genre-- bourgeois melodrama set to music (an accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera)- and, without altering its fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. (47) This remains one of the greatest achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing the essential trashiness of the genre.
As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical political elements of nineteenth-century operA、(48) Generally in the plots of these operas, a hero or heroine--usually portrayed only as an individual, unrestrained by class--is caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity of the leaders of the civilians. Verdi transforms this naive and unlike formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first performeD、 Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself.
Or consider Verdi’ s treatment of character. (49) Before Verdi, there were rarely any characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the singers to express a series of emotional state.Any attempt to find coherent psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence was the singer’ s vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi’ s characters, on the other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity, even if, in many cases, the consistency is that of pasteboard melodramA、The integrity of the character is achieved through the music: (50) once he had become established, Verdi did not rewrite his music for different singers or allow alterations or substitutions of somebody else’s arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and effectiveness.
【分析题】：

第9题：The author's primary purpose in writing this passage is to ______.
A．propose an academic discipline for young people wishing to be journalists
B．debate both sides of the proper pattern ofBritain's higher education
C．condemnCharlesClarke for his improper statements about higher education
D．contrastCharlesClarke's claim about higher education to that of his own
【单选题】：      

第10题：
单项选择
【单选题】：      

 

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