| 考研每日一练（2019/9/21） |
| 第1题：In spite of rising concern in the Northeast andCanada,Administration spokesmen have repeatedly insisted that nothing could really be done about acid rain and the industry-produced sulfur emissions until all the scientific facts were in. Suddenly last week, however, facts came raining down, in effect making further scientific debate on what mainly causes the problem all but irrelevant. What brought about the downpour was a study commissioned by Presidential ScienceAdviser. The spokesmen plainly called for remedial action even if some technical questions about acid rain were still unanswere D、"If we take the conservative point of view that we must wait until the scientific knowledge is definitive," said the spokesman, "the accumulated deposition and damaged environment may reach the point of ’’irreversibility’’." When it rains, it pours. Next came a study from the National ResearchCouncil. Its definitive conclusion: reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-burning power plants and factories, such as these in the Midwest, would in fact significantly reduce the acidity in rain, snow and other precipitation(降水) that is widely believed to be worsening the life from fresh-water lakes and forests in the Northeast andCanad A、The spokesman did not recommend any specific action. A、pair of remedial measures are already taken beforeCongress. A、Senate committee recently approved a bill that would require reduction over the next decade of sulfur-dioxide emissions by 10 million tons in the States bordering on the east of the Mississippi. A、tougher measure was introduced in the House ordering the 50 largest sulfur polluters in the U. S. to cut emissions substantially. To ease theEastern coal mining industry, which fears a switch to low-sulfur Western coal, the bill requires the installation of expensive "scrubbers", devices for removing sulfur from the smoke, rather than an order that forbids high-sulfur fuel. Still, the legislation is being vigorously opposed by the coal industry and utilities, especially in the Mid-west, where heavy industries are battling to survive. In a survey also released last week, theEdisonElectric Institute , an industry group, gravely predicted that electricity rates could rise as much as 50% if the emission-control legislation passe D、 Government studies dispute these figures, butCongress has been suspended on acid-rain measures. Now, as a result of the academy study, supporters of the bills are more optimistiC、Nevertheless, a major political battle is shaping up. The two studies mentioned in the text clearly stated that A、there is no time to lose in pollution control. B． the scientific explanation of acid rain remains unclear. C． environmental restoration defies scientific endeavors. D、factories should be banned from burning coal. |
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| 第2题：In the relationship of education to business we observe today a fine state of paradox. On the one hand, the emphasis which most business places upon a college degree is so great that one can almost visualize the time when even the office boy will have his baccalaureate. On the other hand, we seem to preserve the belief that some deep intellectual chasm separates the businessman from other products of the university system. The notion that business people are quite the Philistines sounds absurD、For some reason, we tend to characterize vocations by stereotypes, none too flattering but nonetheless deeply imbedded in the national conscience. In the cast of characters the businessman comes on stage as a ill-mannered and simple-minded person. It is not a pleasant conception and no more truthful or less unpleasant than our other stereotypes. Business is made up of people with all kinds of backgrounds, all kinds of motivations, and all kinds of tastes, just as in any other form of human endeavour.Businessmen are not mobile balance sheets and profit statements, but perfectly normal human beings, subject to whatever strengths, frailties, and limitations characterize man on the earth. They are people grouped together in organizations designed to complement the weakness of one with strength of another, tempering the exuberance of the young with the caution of the more mature, the poetic soarings of one mind with the counting house realism of another.Any disfigurement which society may suffer will come from man himself, not from the particular vocation to which he devotes his time. Any group of people necessarily represents an approach to a common one, and it is probably true that even individually they tend to conform somewhat to the general pattern. Many have pointed out the danger of engulfing our original thinkers in a tide of mediocrity.Conformity is not any more prevalent or any more exacting in the business field than it is in any other. It is a characteristic of all organizations of whatever nature. The fact is the large business unit provides greater opportunities for individuality and requires less in the way of conformity than other institutions of comparable size — the government, or the academic world, or certainly the military. The paradox in the relationship of education to business is thatA．businessmen are both unmindful of history and sophisticated in it. B．businessmen show both contempt and respect for noble activities. C．there are both highly intellectual and uneducated businessmen. D．there are both noticeable similarities and differences between businessmen and intellectuals. |
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| 第3题：A．disrespectful
B．unacceptable C．informal D．mistaken |
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| 第4题：社会存在是指社会的物质生活条件，它有多方面的内容，其中最能集中体现人类社会物质性的是
A．社会形态 B．地理环境 C．人口因素 D．生产方式 |
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| 第5题：女性，18岁，确诊爆发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎，应首选的药物是 A．磺胺嘧啶(SD、 B．青霉素C C、头孢氨苄 D．头孢呋辛 E．复方新诺明 |
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| 第6题： {{B}}Text 1{{/B}} Genetic testing, which makes it possible to find dangerous genes, has changed all this.But, until recently, if you were tested positive for a bad gene you were not obliged to reveal this to anyone else except in a few extreme circumstances. This month, however,Britain became the first country in the world to allow life insurers to ask for test results. So far, approval has been given only for a test for a fatal brain disorder known as Huntington’s disease.But ten other tests (for seven diseases) are already in use and are awaiting similar approval. The independent body that gives approval, theDepartment of Health’s genetics and insurance committee, does not have to decide whether the use of genetic information in insurance is ethical. It must judge only whether the tests are reliable to insurers. In the case of Huntington’s disease the answer is clear-cut. People unlucky enough to have this gene will die early, and cost life insurers dearly. This is only the start.Clear-cut genetic answers, where a gene is simply and directly related to a person’s risk of death, are uncommon. More usually, a group of genes is associated with the risk of developing a common disease, dependent on the presence of other genetic or environmental factors.But, as tests improve, it will become possible to predict whether or not a particular individual is at risk. In the next few years researchers will discover more and more about the functions of individual genes and what health risks — or benefits — are associated with them. |
| 第7题：现代商业银行的财务控制部门通常采取( )的方法，及时捕捉市场价格、价值的变化。
A．每月参照市场定价 B．每日参照市场定价 C．每日财务报表定价 D．每月财务报表定价 |
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| 第8题：(46) Many journalism critics have recently argued thatAmerican journalism is undergoing a profound change because it now regularly mixes entertainment with the news.Critics typically argue that this entertainment is in the form of sensationalistic celebrity-scandal. In fact, there is a long history of sensationalism inAmerican journalism, a fact documented by several journalism historians. (47) But the main point of contemporary critics is that sensationalism and tabloid-style techniques, which were always present on the fringes of journalism, are now becoming the norm inAmerican journalism, and are being adopted by so-called "mainstream" media as part of economic survival strategies in the cutthroat business climate ofAmerican mass media. These contemporary critics typically argue that there should be a rigid boundary between mainstream journalism and other kinds of mass communication such as tabloid journalism. (48) The critics imply that one kind of communication is more legitimate in certain contexts than the other, and even that tabloid journalism is not journalism at all but is instead entertainment. One of the claims made by mass media critics is that journalism just recently got worse.But this may be a perennial complaint. (49) A、quick review of journalism criticism reveals that the argument that journalism used to be better but just recently got worse is common throughout the history of journalism. The critiques usually say that journalism used to make bold distinctions between news and entertainment but now combines the two. These critiques construct the logical conclusion that journalism has steadily declined in quality over many years. (50) Taken together, the criticisms add up to the conclusions that the people who used to do journalism were better and had higher standards than those of today and that the distinctions between news and entertainment used to be greater.Examples of this critique can be found in even the earliest discussions ofAmerican journalism. For instance, critics pannedBenjaminDay’s New York Sun of the early 1830s because it often contained humor and sensational news of suicides. Similarly, some critics hated James GordonBennett’s New York Herald of the mid-to late-1830s because it contained entertaining satirically written police court reports, as well as in-depth crime stories.Bennett pioneered the "human-interest story" or feature story when he wrote in vivid detail in 1836 about the grisly murder of the prostitute Helen Jewett, quoting her madam and describing Jewett’s apartment in minute detail.Bennett’s day-by-day narrative of the ensuing sensational trial reminds us of how journalism and entertaining literature have been combined for many years to make newsworthy stories "more palatable for consumption. "Bennett was soundly criticized by his competitors and others for blurring the boundary between journalism and entertainment. His detractors, many of them his competitors, waged what they called a "Moral War" in the late 1830s againstBennett and his enjoyable but sensationalistic newspaper. They maintained thatBennett was a "deviant" journalist because he blurred the boundaries of journalism by making his newspaper entertaining and popular. Those running the "Moral War" againstBennett were unsuccessful at running him out of the journalism business, but they did seriously wound his business. |
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| 第9题：In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicateD、Many of life’’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today. In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learneD、 Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled Without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeeD、"Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.From the passage we can infer that________________. A、electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages B． it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era C． people will spend less time holding meeting or conferences D． events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites |
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| 第10题：某车间通过工作抽样调查操作工人的工时利用率。事先设定的抽样可靠性为95.45%，工作抽样获得的抽样数据为：通过200次观察，其中正在作业的有160次，其他为停工与非作业活动。试计算该车间操作工人的工时利用率。如果事先设定容许的抽样相对误差为±5%，问已有的抽样观察次数是否足够？若不够还需追加多少次观测？ |
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