考研习题练习
| 考研易错题（2019/9/26） |
| 第1题：Pronouncing a language is a skill.Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious.But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill, one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is thatEnglish pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So there should be occasions when other aspects ofEnglish, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place. Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique. It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits ofEnglish people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students’ pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time-wasteD、 But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends, after that, on what use you make of your knowledge, and this is a matter of technique. Now the first and most important part of a language teacher’s technique is his own performance, his ability to demonstrate the spoken language, in every detail of articulation as well as in fluent speaking, so that the student’s latent capacity for imitation is given the fullest scope and encouragement. The teacher, then, should be as perfect a model in this respect as he can make himself.And to supplement his own performance, however satisfactory this may be, the modern teacher has at his disposal recordings, radio, television and video, to supply the authentic voices of native speakers, or, if the teacher happens to be a native speaker himself or speaks just like one, then to vary the method of presenting the language material. (537 words) Notes: set about 着手，试图。articulation 发音。latent 潜在的，不明显的。at one’s disposal 供某人任意支配使用。 According to the text, in relation to someone teaching his own language to foreigners, audio-visual aids canA．completely replace his own teaching performance. B．provide alternative samples of native speech. C．help to improve teaching quality to a great extent. D．provide a perfect model for language students to follow. |
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| 第2题：根据宪法规定，( )应当由实行区域自治民族的公民担任。
A．自治区主席 B．自治区党委书记 C．自治区人民法院院长 D．自治区人民检察院检察长 |
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第3题： 
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| 第4题：To paraphrase 18th-century statesmanEdmundBurke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals―no meat, no fur, no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied," Then I would have to say yes. "Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don’’ t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers. "Such well-meaning people just don’’ t understanD、 Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way--in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’’ s hip replacement, a father’’ s bypass operation, a baby’’ s vaccinations, and even a pet’’ s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could" adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as StephenCooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry, will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.a well-known humanist. A、a medical practitioner. B．an enthusiast in animal rights. C、a supporter of animal research. |
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| 第5题：有关心力贮备，以下哪项说法是错误的
A．健康者与某心脏病人若在静息时心输出量无差异，他们的心力贮备也应该一样 B．心力贮备能力取决于心率及每搏输出量 C．收缩期贮备大于舒张期贮备 D．心力贮备也称为泵功能贮备 E．心力贮备是指心输出量随机体代谢需要而增加的能力 |
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