考研每日一练（2019/10/21）

第1题：下列关于脾破裂的叙述，错误的是 A．有慢性病理改变的脾更容易破裂 B．通常采用脾切除术 C．85%有脾包膜及脾实质破裂 D．治疗原则是紧急手术 E．成人脾切除术后，暴发性感染发病率高

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第2题：在社会主义市场经济条件下，劳动者购买债券、股票和在银行存款所取得的利息、股息等收入，属于 A．个体劳动者的劳动收入 B．经营收入 C．风险收入 D．资产收入

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：临床常用治疗痄腮的灸法是 A．隔蒜灸 B．隔姜灸 C．温合灸 D．灯火灸

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题： A、scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain (1) both on resources of consumers and on the motives that (2) to encourage or discourage money spending. If an (3) were asked which of three groups borrow most -- people with rising incomes, (4) incomes, or declining incomes -- he would (5) answer: those with declining incomes.Actually, in the years 1997 -2000, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the (6) . This shows us that tradition- al (7) about earning and spending are not always (8) Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will (9) to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. (10) research surveys have shown that this is not always (11) The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One (12) attitude was ex- pressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. (13) , the rise in prices that has al- ready taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evokeD、 The (14) mentioned above was carried out inAmeric A、Investigations (15) at the same time in GreatBritain, however, yielded results that were more (16) traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most contributive to spending (17) to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are (18) , they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common (19) policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of (20) psychology. A、mostB、leastC、fewest D、worst

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：SaudiArabia, the oil industry’s swing producer, has become its flip-flopper. In February, it persuaded OPEC、to cut its total production quotas by lm barrels per day (bpd), to 23.5m, as a precaution against an oil-price crash this spring. That fear has since been replaced by its opposite. The price of West Texas crude hit $40 last week, its highest since the eve of the first Iraq war, prompting concerns that higher oil prices could sap the vigour ofAmerica’s recovery and compound the frailty ofEurope’s. On Monday May 10th,Ali al-Naimi, SaudiArabia’s energy minister, called on OPEC、to raise quotas, by at least 1. 5m bpd, at its next meeting on June 3r D、 Thus far, the high oil price has been largely a consequence of good things, such as a strengthening world economy, rather than a cause of bad things, such as faster inflation or slower growth.China’s burgeoning economy guzzled about 6m bpd in the first quarter of this year, 15% more than a year ago, according to Goldman Sachs.Demand was also strong in the rest ofAsia, excluding Japan, growing by 5.2% to 8. 1m bp D、As the year progresses, the seasonal rhythms ofAmerica’s drivers will dictate prices, at least of the lighter, sweeter crudes.Americans take to the roads en masse in the summer, and speculators are driving up the oil price now in anticipation of peak demand in a few months’ time. Until recently, the rise in the dollar price of oil was offset outsideAmerica andChina by the fall in the dollar itself.But the currency has regained some ground in recent weeks, and the oil price has continued to rise.Even so, talk of another oil price shock is premature. The price of oil, adjusted for inflation, is only half what it was inDecember 1979, and the United States now uses half as much energy per dollar of output as it did in the early 1970s.But if oil cannot shock the world economy quite as it used to, it can still give it "a good kick", warns Goldman Sachs. If average oil prices for the year come in 10% higher than it forecast, it reckons GDP growth in the Group of Seven (G7) rich nations will be reduced by 0.3%, or $70 billion. TheAmericans are certainly taking the issue seriously. John Snow, their treasury secretary, called OPEC’s February decision "regrettable", and the rise in prices since then "not helpful". Washington pays close heed to the man at the petrol pump, who has seen the average price of a gallon of unleaded petrol rise by 39 cents in the past year.And the Saudis, some mutter, pay close heed to Washington. Besides, the high oil price may have filled Saudi coffers, but it has also affronted Saudi pride. Mr. al-Naimi thinks the high price is due to fears that supply might be disrupted in the future. These fears, he says, are "unwarranted".But the hulking machinery in theArabian desert that keeps oil flowing round the world presents an inviting target to terrorists should they tire of bombing embassies and nightclubs. (ha May 1st, gunmen killed six people in a Saudi office ofABB、Lummus Global, anAmerican oil contractor. Such incidents add to the risk premium factored into the oil price, a premium that the Saudis take as a vote of no confidence in their kingdom and its ability to guarantee the supply of oil in the face of terrorist threats. What does the author mean by "... has become its flip-flopper" (Par A、1) A、SaudiArabia reversed its earlier decision.B、SaudiArabia objected to the rise of oil price.C、SaudiArabia was concerned about the world economy. D、SaudiArabia wished to reduce the oil production.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题：半夏泻心汤与小柴胡汤所共有的药物是 A．柴胡、黄芩 B．半夏、人参 C．黄连、干姜 D．生姜、大枣

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题： 关于创伤性神经瘤的形成下列哪项是正确的 A．神经纤维细胞增生 B．神经纤维断裂变性 C．神经鞘细胞增生形成带状的合体细胞 D．再生轴突与增生的结缔组织混杂在一起卷曲成团

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题：Historically, theEuropean Union has not bothered with funding much basic scientific research. Such activities have mainly remained the preserve of national governments, not least because giving scientists free rein can lead to discoveries that not only make money but ultimately enhance military might. That attitude is now changing. TheEuropeanCommission proposes to establish aEuropean ResearchCouncilERC、that would spend a maximum of 12 billion( $14 billion) over seven years on" blue skies" research. While the plans are being generally welcomed byEurope’s member states, their details are problematiC、The proposedERC、is intended to makeEurope more competitive.Europe has some first-class universities, scientific institutions and research organisations,But, theERC’ s proponents argue, their activities are fragmented, so they are not reaching their full potential. InAmerica, teams from across the country compete with each other for grants from the National Science Foundation. The proposedERC、is modelled on this scheme, It would award grants to individual research teams for a specific project, solely on the basis of scientific merit judged by peer review, If theERC、were created, scientists from acrossEurope would compete with each other for funds, rather than merely competing with their fellow countrymen, as hap pens at present. This compares with the limited funding for basic research that currently exists in theEU, which places its emphasis on collaboration between researchers. It is open only to researchers in a narrow range of disciplines chosen by theEuropean Parliament and the commission. TheERC、would be quite different, placing its emphasis on competition between researchers and leaving scientists themselves to decide which areas of science to pursue. Helga Nowotny, who chairs theEuropean ResearchAdvisoryBoard--an advisory body to the commission— says that winning a grant from theERC、could come to be seen as unmistakable recognition of research excellence. The quality ofEuropean research needs to be stepped up a notch.Between 1980 and 2003,Europe had 68 Nobel laureates in medicine, physics and chemistry compared with 154 inAmericA、With competition fromChina and India,Europe’ s share could fall further. One of the reasons forEurope’ s relatively weak performance is thought to be a lack of genuine competition betweenEurope’ s researchers.Another is its poor ability to attract young people into a research career. Recent estimates suggest thatEurope needs an extra 700,000 researchers if it is to meet its overall target of raising spending (private, national andEU) on research and development to 3% of GDP by 2010. Many young scientists leaveEurope forAmerica once they have finished their training.Dr Nowotny says theERC、could help here too. It could establish a scheme to give young researchers the opportunity to follow their own ideas and become independent at an earlier stage in their careers, encouraging talent to stay inEurope. The crucial issue now is whether theERC、will be able to set its own research agenda, free from the interference and bureaucracy of the commission and influence of member states. Last month,22 leadingEuropean scientists charged with shaping theERC’s scientific strategy met for the first time to start hammering out a charter and constitution. Serious concerns remain over the legal structure of the body. The final decision on theERC’s legal form, on a date yet unspecified, rests with theEuropean Parliament and member states in theEuropeanCouncil. If both are genuine in their support for theERC、andEurope’ s aim of becoming more competitive ,then they must find a way of keeping theERC、free from political interference.Europe would benefit from a competition for its best researchers which rewards scientific excellence.A、quasi-competition that recognizes how many votes each member state is allotted would be poin

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题：

【分析题】：

第10题：It’’s a funny thing, happiness. People refer to it as something they want, something missing, as if it could be secured if they only knew where to find it. Lack of it is blamed on past relationships and hope for it placed on future lovers.Desire for it becomes a restless quest. Yet over and again in therapy, it is clear that a hungry pursuit for the illusive state of happiness only ends in frustration and yet more unhappiness.　　When I ask a man who’’s just turned 40 and wants to try psychotherapy to tell me about the disappointments he mentions, he reels off a list: a love affair that lost its zest; a work project ruined by a colleague; a holiday spoiled by the weather; a plan halted by ill health.All were potential routes to happiness.And it is this endless feeling of things being spoilt that makes him feel let down by life and unhappy.　　He tells me that he had been a willful chilD、He was, he says, spoilt rotten by very loving parents. They had suffered much hardship in their own lives, and when hard work and good luck made them well off, they decided that he, their only son, would have all they had lacked, and more.　　He had wanted for nothing. Yet this came with a cost. For having everything on a plate before he had even developed an appetite had robbed him of the chance to reach and struggle for something meaningful and of his very own. There had never been an empty space he had enjoyed working to fill. Little wonder he was unable to remain attached to anything or anyone after frustration set in. Working through difficulty simply hadn’’t ever been asked of him.　　While hopefully a by-product of developing emotional maturity, happiness was not, I told him, a specific therapeutic aim.But therapy could offer the challenge to stay with, and so gradually understand, the meaning of his unhappiness, rather than bolting when the going got rough. The notion that we can uncover a meaning within our suffering supports the whole therapeutic venture.By working towards understanding the reasons for his disappointments, this man had the chance to begin reshaping his own life journey. This was unlikely to give him happiness as a "given constant", but could enable him to develop something far more important.As C、G. Jung, the founder ofAnalytical Psychology, said:" The principal aim of psychotherapy is not to transport the patient to an impossible state of happiness, but to help him acquire steadfastness and philosophic patience in the face of suffering. Life demands for its completion and fulfillment a balance between joy and sorrow."It is a usual ease with happiness that A、 it is generally considered securable. B、 it is commonly attributed to destiny. C、 it often falls short of expectation. D． it routinely seems encouraging.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D