考研习题练习

考研易错题(2019/11/6)
1题:The classic difficulty felt with democracy arises from the fact that democracy can never express the will of the whole people because there never exists any such unchanging will (at least in any society that call itself democratic). The concept of government of the whole people by the whole people must be looked on as being in the poetry rather than in the prose of democracy; the fact of prose is that real democracy means government by some kind of dominant majority.  And the ever-present danger, repeatedly realized in fact, is that this dominant majority may behave toward those who are not of the majority in such a manner as to undermine the moral basis of the right of people, because they are people, to have some important say in the setting of their own course and in the use of their own faculties. Other forms of government may similarly fail to respect human independence.But there is at least no contradiction in that; the underlying assumption of every kind of government by wisers and betters is that people on the whole are not fit to manage their own affairs, but must have someone else do it for them, and there is no paradox when such a government treats its subjects without respect, or deals with them on the basis of their having no rights that the government must take into account.  But democracy affirms that people are fit to control themselves, and it cannot live in the same air with the theory that there is no limit to the extent to which public power--even the power of a majority--can interfere with the lives of people.  Rational limitation on power is therefore not a contradiction to democracy, but is of the very essence of democracy as such. Other sorts of government may impose such limitations on themselves as an act of grace.Democracy is under the moral duty of limiting itself because such limitation is essential to the survival of that respect for humankind which is in the foundations of democracy. Respect for the freedom of all people cannot, of course, be the only guide, for there would then be no government.Delicate ongoing compromise is what must be looked for.But democracy, unless it is to deny its own moral basis, must accept the necessity for making this compromise and for giving real weight to the claims of those without the presently effective political power to make their claims prevail in elections By "the prose of democracy" ( Par. 1 ) the author most probably means its
A、 popular interpretation.

B、 actual operation.
C. ongoing compromise.
D. rational limitation.
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2题:下列关于人类和环境的关系的叙述,不正确的是______。
  • A.随着社会生产力的发展,人类利用自然的范围在不断扩大
  • B.随着社会生产力的发展,人类改造自然的程度在不断加深
  • C.随着社会生产力的发展,人类与环境之间的物质交换量在不断扩大
  • D.随着社会生产力的发展,环境对人类活动的反作用在逐渐减小



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3题:设f(x),g(x)在点x=x0处可导且f(x0)=g(x0)=0,f’(x0)g’(x0)<0,则
A、x0不是f(x)g(x)的驻点.
B、x0是f(x)g(x)的驻点,但不是f(x)g(x)的极值点.
C、x0是f(x)g(x)的驻点,且是f(x)g(x)的极小值点.
D、x0是f(x)g(x)的驻点,且是f(x)g(x)的极大值点.
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4题: 生态系统中的能量流动和物质循环是通过 ______进行的,不同生物间的关系十分复杂,主要是围绕 ______ 所发生联系。
A.食物链 食物
B.生存竞争 食物
C.食物链 生存竞争
D.生存竞争 食物链
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5题: 一段时间以来,国产洗发液在国内市场的占有率逐渐减小。研究发现,国外公司的产品广告比国内的广告更吸引人。因此,国产洗发液生产商需要加大广告投入,以增加市场占有率。以下哪项如果为真,将严重地削弱上述论证
A.一些国外洗发液的广告是由国内广告公司制作并由国内媒体传播的。
B.广告只能引起人们对某种商品的注意,质量才能使人们产生对商品的喜爱。
C.国产洗发液生产商的广告费现在只有国外厂商的一半。
D.国外洗发液销售额在增加,国产洗发液销售额同样在增加。
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