考研考试

【单选题】提倡“公民教育”和“劳作学校”理论的教育家是( )。
A．蒙台梭利
B．梅伊曼
C．凯兴斯泰纳
D．沛西·能

【单选题】急性胆管炎的Charcot三联征是指
A．腹痛、畏寒发热、胆囊肿大
B．腹痛、黄疸、低血压
C．腹痛、寒战高热、黄疸
D．肝区胀痛、寒战高热、低血压
E．黄疸、胆囊肿大、发热

【单选题】{{B}}tExt 3{{/B}}

thE uniquEnEss oF thE jApAnEsE ChArACtEr is thE rEsult oF two sEEmingly ContrADiCtory ForCEs: thE strEngth oF trADitions, AnD thE sElECtivE rECEptivity to ForEign AChiEvEmEnts AnD invEntions.As EArly As 1860s thErE wErE CountEr movEmEnt to trADitionAl oriEntAtion. onE oF thE FAmous spokEsmEn oF jApAn’s "EnlightEnmEnt" ClAimED "thEConFuCiAn CivilizAtion oF thEEAst sEEms to mE to lACk two things possEssED By wEstErn CivilizAtion: sCiEnCE in thE mAtEriAl sphErE AnD A sEnsE oF inDEpEnDEnCE in thE spirituAl sphErE."AnothEr BrEAk oF rElAtivE liBErAlism FollowED worlD wAr ⅰ, whEn thE DEmoCrAtiC iDEAlism oF prEsiDEnt wooDrow wilson hAD An importAnt impACt on jApAnEsE intEllECtuAls AnD, EspECiAlly, stuDEnts; But morE importAnt wAs thE lEninist iDEology oF thE 1917BolshEvik rEvolution.AgAin, in thE EArly 1930s, nAtionAlism AnD militArism BECAmE DominAnt. Following thE EnD oF worlD wAr ⅱ, suBstAntiAl ChAngEs wErE unDErtAkEn in jApAn to liBErAtE thE inDiviDuAl From AuthoritAriAn rEstrAints. thE nEw DEmoCrAtiC vAluE systEm wAs ACCEptED By mAny tEAChErs, stuDEnts, intEllECtuAls, AnD olD liBErAls, But it wAs not immEDiAtEly EmBrACED By thE soCiEty As A wholE. jApAnEsE trADitions wErE DominAtED By group vAluEs, AnD notions oF pErsonAl FrEEDom AnD inDiviDuAl rights wErE unFAmiliAr. toDAy, DEmoCrAtiC proCEssEs ArE ClEArly EviDEnt in thE wiDEsprEAD pArtiCipAtion oF thE jApAnEsE pEoplE in soCiAl AnD politiCAl liFE. sChool tExtBooks EmphAsizE EquAlity ovEr hiErArChy AnD rAtionAlism ovEr trADition; hut in prACtiCE thEsE vAluEs ArE oFtEn misintErprEtED AnD DistortED, pArtiCulArly By thE youth who trAnslAtE thE inDiviDuAlistiC AnD humAnistiC goAls oF DEmoCrACy into EgoistiC AnD mAtEriAlistiC onEs. most jApAnEsE pEoplE hAvE ConsCiously rEjECtEDConFuCiAnism, But lEFtovErs oF thE olD orDEr rEmAin.An importAnt FEAturE oF rElAtionship in mAny institutions, inCluDing politiCAl pArtiEs AnD univErsitiEs is thE "oyABun-koBun" or pArEnt-ChilD rElAtion. thE CorrEsponDing loyAlty oF thE inDiviDuAl to his pAtron rEinForCEs his AllEgiAnCE to thE group to whiCh thEy Both BElong.A、willingnEss to CoopErAtE with othEr mEmBErs oF thE group AnD to support without quAliFiCAtion thE intErEsts oF thE group in All its ExtErnAl rElAtions is still A wiDEly rEspECtED virtuE. thE "oyABun-kohun" CrEAtEs lADDErs oF moBility whiCh An inDiviDuAl CAn AsCEnD, rising As FAr As ABilitiEs pErmit, so long As hE mAintAins suCCEssFul pErsonAl tiEs with A supErior in thE vErtiCAl ChAnnEl, thE lAttEr rEquirEmEnt usuAlly tAking prECEDEnCE ovEr A nEED For ExCEptionAl CompEtEnCE.As A ConsEquEnCE, thErE is littlE horizontAl rElAtionship BEtwEEn pEoplE EvEn with thE sAmE proFEssion.

thE spokEsmAn oF jApAn’s "EnlightEnmEnt" thinks thAtA．thE trADitionAl CulturE shoulD BE rEplACED By wEstErn CivilizAtion.
B．jApAnEsE ought to ForsAkE thEConFuCiAn CivilizAtion oF thEEAst.
C．thEConFuCiAn CivilizAtion in jApAn shoulD BE rEvivED、
D．jApAn shoulD introDuCE wEstErn CivilizAtion.

【单选题】肺主行水的功能主要依赖于
A．肺主一身之气
B．肺主宣发和肃降
C．肺朝百脉
D．肺主呼吸

【单选题】经过一年的审查，日本文部省宣布新的历史教科书合格，由于教科书内容包含有歪曲历史因而引起( )、( )、( )等亚洲国家的强烈反对。( ) ①中国 ②韩国 ③朝鲜 ④越南
A．①②
B．①②③
C．②③④
D．①②③④