【单选题】
Reporting in theAmerican Journal of Public Health, the researchers found that waiters and bartenders working a typical night shift gradually accumulated higher levels of NNK, a carcinogen in cigarette smoke, at the rate of 6 % each hour they workeD、NNK is known to be involved in inducing lung cancer in both lab rats and smokers.
"We were somewhat surprised by the immediacy of the effect and the fact that we could measure the average hourly increase," says Michael Stark, the lead author of the study and a principal investigator at the MulmomahCounty HealthDepartment in Oregon.
The authors are confident that the increases in NNK in the workers they tested most likely came from their exposure to smoke -- the study included a control group of similar subjects in restaurants where no smoking was alloweD、"There is experimental evidence from studies where you put nonsmokers in a room, blow smoke into the room and measure their artery function, that you see the platelets get sticky, which can cause clots and lead to a heart attack, and the ability of the arteries to dilate decreases very rapidly," saysDr. Matthew McKenna, director of the office on smoking and public health for theCenters forDiseaseControl.
All of which could mean more time loitering outside buildings and in alleyways for smokers intent on grabbing a puff. Thirteen states now prohibit smoking in restaurants altogether (most of these include bars as well), and while 11 states still put no restrictions on lighting up, individual cities within those states -- such asAustin in Texas, for example -- have passed legislation banning smoking in eating establishments and other public areas.
It’s just getting harder to refute the scientific evidence; in a study done in Scotland several months after that nation instituted a ban on smoking in public places, researchers found that following the ban, bar patrons showed stronger lung capacity and reduced levels of inflammation (a red flag for a number of chronic diseases, including heart disease and asthma). "We made it pretty clear that the science on this is pretty irrefutable," says McKennA、And if smokers have fewer places to smoke, that message may finally get hearD、
B、smokers from different states in the United States
C、actors and actresses who smoke a lot
D、waiters and bartenders
网考网参考答案：D
网考网解析：
这是一道细节题。题目询问的是“科学家们研究的对象”，带着关键词scientists和researches去段落中寻找。对应内容在第二段的第一、二行，根据“the researchers found that waiters and bartenders working a typical night shift gradually accumulated higher levels of NNK”(研究者发现，值晚班的服务员以及酒吧侍者体内的NNK含量会逐渐增高)，可以得知，研究对象是"waiters and bartenders"，故选D。 document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>
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