【单选题】
Directions: In this section you will read several passages.Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE、best answer,A、,B、,C、orD、, to each question.Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in yourANSWERBOOKLET.
Richard, King ofEngland from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalry, In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richard’s contemporaries called him "Coeur de Lion"(The Lion Heart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did theEnglish people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was inEngland only twice for a few short months in his ten years’ reign; yet his memory has alwaysEnglish hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped strong in nerve and sinew, and most dexterous in arms. He rejoiced in personal combat, and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame. He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory.By this his whole temperament was toned, and united with the highest qualities of the military commander. Love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.
Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous on habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and skilful in execution; in political a child, lacking in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military geoids were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the journey to theEast, Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, PhilipAugustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French King’s artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition ofCyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain.
In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King RicharD、It was said there had been dug up near the castle ofChaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been uneartheD、The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord ofChaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall.Confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-heaD、Gangrene set in, andCoeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldier’ s debt. He prepared for death with fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followeD、He arranged his affairs; he divided his p
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