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【单选题】In Idaho’s Snake River Valley, where potato farmers depend on electric pumps to water their crops, the state’s largest power company hopes to stand tradition on its head and profit by selling farmers less, not more, electricity. To do that, Idaho Power is vastly expanding its energy-efficiency programs for 395,000 residential customers, small businesses, and farmers. Usually the more customers save, the less utilities make.But under an innovative deal with state regulators in March, Idaho Power gets paid for its plants and equipment and boosts profits by winning incentive payments for reducing electric demanD、
It’s an idea that appears to be catching on as legislatures fret about global warming and utilities scramble to meet rising demand without the increasing harassment and cost of building new power plants. Idaho is among 13 states whose regulators have either adopted or proposed measures in the past year to decouple utility profit from electricity production.Decoupling is advancing even faster for natural-gas utilities, with 25 states either adopting or proposing decoupling plans in recent years. "This wave toward ’decoupling’ is clearly gathering momentum," says Martin Kushler of theAmericanCouncil for anEnergy-EfficientEconomy in Washington. "More states seem to be calling every week to find out about this."
AlthoughCalifornia pioneered the idea 25 years ago—and strengthened incentives and penalties last month—interest is picking up again because of global warming, experts say. The main idea is that by rearranging the incentive structure, regulators can give utilities clear incentives to push energy efficiency and conservation without hurting their bottom lines. Under the new rules inCalifornia, for example, electric utilities could make as much as $150 million extra if they can persuadeCalifornians to save some $2 billion worth of power, according to the Natural ResourcesDefenseCouncil.
"This is a vital step in the global-warming fight," saysAudreyChang, an NRDC、researcher. "It represents, we hope, a historic shift toward decoupling that is going to help bend the energy demand curve downwards."Beside Idaho, states that this year adopted decoupling for some or all of its electric power industry include New York,Connecticut, and Vermont.At least nine other states have seen major decoupling proposals this year.
Idaho Power is happy that its key fixed costs—plants and equipment—are now separated from variable costs of electricity sales such as fuel. Regulators annually readjust those fixed rates—up or down—a maximum of 3 percent to ensure that the company gets no more or less than it has been regulated to receive.But customers should benefit, too, as utility efficiency programs cut energy use and energy bills—something the company is trying hard to do so it can win a bonus if it meets or exceeds energy—cutting goals. "Before there was almost a disincentive to go hard at efficiency because we weren’t recovering our fixed costs," says Mike Youngblood, an analyst for Idaho Power. "Now the anticipation is that we will recover our fixed cost, no more or less.And our customers will see their bill go down if they invest in energy efficiency."
One key reason utilities are often willing to decouple or even leading proponents of the proposals is because the costs of building a power plant has risen dramatically.A、500- megawatt coal-fired plant that cost $1 billion just a few years ago might cost $1.5 billion today, industry experts say.Add to that growing uncertainty about future costs. Global- warming legislation could put a price of $ 30 per ton on carbon-dioxide emissions from power plants. That could make coal, the cheapest power today, more costly.Another factor is the rising community opposition to coal-fired power plant construction.
In NorthCarolina, where regulators recently refused aDukeEnergyCorp. proposal to build a power plant, the company has instead pu
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