口译笔译考试

【单选题】The Federal Government
联邦政府
TheConstitution
WhenAmerica broke away fromBritain in 1775, she did not adopt aBritishConstitution. TheBritish have always had an unwritten constitution, whereas every item of theAmericanConstitution is clearly written down and numbered, and can only be changed by a two-thirds majority vote ofCongress.
Yet in their different ways, theAmerican andBritish forms of government did have one thing in common. They were both democratiC．As forAmerican society, it was more democratic thanBritish society, in that it paid less attention to class or wealth.
Political Parties
There are two major political parties in the USA, theDemocratic Party and the Republican Party. The policies of the two parties are not basically opposed to one another. Inside both parties there moderates and right-wringers, though theDemocrats still have the reputation of being somewhat more liberal than the Republicans. Voters are influenced by family traditions, but there are plenty of ordinary people who vote according to their hopes, fears and beliefs.
There are no other political parties that can compete with the two big parties, though there are occasionally independents who stand for the presidency and manage to collect quite a few votes. There are no left-wing parties. MostAmericans are in favor of free enterprise, believing that it may one day help them fulfill theAmericanDream.
The President andCongress
The President of the USA、has more power than any other president in the democratic world- except the French President. It is he who formulates foreign policy and prepares laws for the home front. He is leader of the nation andCommander-in-Chief of theArmed Forces. He represents the USA、and, since the USA、is a super power, the eyes of the whole world are on him. The fate of the world is in his hands, or so many people believe, and one careless, ill-prepared speech by him could precipitate a crises.
Actually, a great deal of the President’s power is controlled byCongress, theAmerican name for "parliament". It isCongress that declares war, not the President. Unlike the Prime Minister of GreatBritain, or of Germany, he can make a treaty with a foreign power.But this treaty must be debated and agreed byCongress before it comes into force. The same control applies to laws at home.Congress has (on several occasions) refused to ratify treaties or given approval to laws proposed by the President. The USA、is the only country, apart from France, where a president can rule with a parliament, the majority of whose members do not belong to his own political party.
SomeAmericans have the feeling that idealism has gone out of politics and that personal ambition and money have taken its place. The election campaign fro the Presidency is unique in the amount of money poured into it. The wooing of voters lasts for months.But before the campaign for the election of the President can begin, each political party has to choose its candidate for the Presidency. This can lead to some very close contests. Men aspiring to be elected as the party candidate employ top public relations and advertising men, who invent clever catch phrases and set about "selling" their man. There are whistle stop tours by train, by plane, by car. The candidate delivers countless speeches and shakes countless hands. This razzamatazz typifiesAmerican enthusiasm and extravagance.
Big money is necessary to support a presidential candidate’s campaign and the candidate himself must be rich enough to pay his share.An attractive wife is an advantage, too. Money is also needed to become the Governor of a state, or a successful Senator, or member of the House of Representatives. Yet from this small group many excellent men have become President, and the same is true of members ofCongress.
It is very unlikely that the
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