| MBA易错题（2019/1/5） |
| 第1题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、SinceB、IfC、Now that D、As |
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| 第2题：最近的一项研究指出：“适量饮酒对妇女的心脏有益。”研究人员对1000名女护士进行调查，发现那些每星期饮酒3～15次的人，其患心脏病的可能性较每星期饮酒少于 3次的人为低。因此，研究人员发现了饮酒量与妇女心脏病之间的联系。 以下哪项如果为真，最不可能削弱上述论证的结论 A．许多妇女因为感觉自己的身体状况良好，从而使得她们的饮酒量增加。 B．调查显示：性格独立的妇女更愿意适量饮酒并同时加强自己的身体锻炼。 C．护士因为职业习惯的原因，饮酒次数比普通妇女要多一些。再者，她们的年龄也偏年轻。 D．对男性饮酒的研究发现，每星期饮酒3～15次的人中，有一半人患心脏病的可能性比少于3次的人还要高。 E．这项研究得到了某家酒精饮料企业的经费资助，有人检举研究人员在调查对象的选择上有不公正的行为。 |
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| 第3题：One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in NorthAmerica enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on.At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world’s people; yet we consume one-third of the world’s resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter.But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources. AsAmericans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world’s resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine’ the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumeD、If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanceD、But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn’t make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today,Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we’re going to have to answer, whether we’re trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world’s resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the worlD、It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them. According to the passage, it has long been believed that ______. A、people in poor countries scarcely know how to enjoy a high standard of living B、the world’s resources being limited, people in underdeveloped countries are bound to live a poor life C、mostAmericans know that the world’s resources of many kinds are becoming scarce D、it is impossible for all the people in the world to improve their living standards |
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| 第4题：Thanks to closed doors and fierce gatekeepers, bosses are tricky to observe in their natural habitat. Yet it might be useful to know what they do all day, and whether any of it benefits shareholders. A、new HarvardBusiness School working paper sheds some light. Researchers asked the chief executives of 94 Italian firms to have their assistants record their activities for a week. You may take this with a gain of salt. Is the boss’ assistant a neutral observer If the boss spends his lunch hour drinking a lot, or in a motel with his assistant, will she record this truthfully Nonetheless, here are the results. The average Italian boss works for 48 hours a week and spends 60% of that time in meetings. The most diligent put in another 20 hours.And the longer they work, the better the company does. Less diligent chief executives are more likely to have one-to-one meetings with people from outside the company. The authors speculate that such people are trying to raise their own profile, perhaps to secure a better jo B、Bosses who work longer hours, by contrast, spend more of them meeting their own employees. Bosses often complain that they get bogged down in day-to-day operations, says RajeshChandy, a professor at the LondonBusiness School. Regulations that make them legally responsible for their underlings’ wrongdoings are partly to blame. The prospect of jail is a powerful attention- grabber. Many bosses also feel they must dash around the world pitching to clients. Mr.Chandy thinks bosses should spend less time with clients and more time thinking about the future. How much time they spend thinking about anything is hard to measure.But in an experiment, MrChandy measured how often bosses use forward-looking words like "will" and "shall" in their public statements. He concluded that bosses spend only 3%～4% of their day thinking about long-term strategy. Brian Sullivan, the chief executive ofCTPartners, a headhunting firm, says the most difficult part of his job is saying no to people who want a piece of his time. Mr. Sullivan says the only time he gets for blue-sky thinking is when he is in the sky. Bill Gates took regular "think weeks", when he would sit alone in a cabin for 18 hours a day reading and contemplating. This, it is said, led to such strategic masterstrokes as "the Internet tidal wave memo" in 1995, which shifted Microsoft’s focus to the we B、But not every boss thinks he needs more time for thinking. "You can hire McKinsey to do that for you." says one. The author estimates that people’s attitude towards the working paper of HarvardBusiness School might be ______. A、critical B、suspicious C、interestedD、neutral |
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| 第5题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、SinceB、IfC、Now that D、As |
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