| MBA每日一练（2019/1/7） |
| 第1题：One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in NorthAmerica enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on.At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world’s people; yet we consume one-third of the world’s resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter.But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources. AsAmericans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world’s resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine’ the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumeD、If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanceD、But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn’t make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today,Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we’re going to have to answer, whether we’re trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world’s resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the worlD、It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them. The writer gives the example of bread to show that ______. A、the United States has been much richer than any other countries B、the United States has acquired more than what it has contributed C、the United States has been too greedy in its pursuit of super affluence D、the United States is more capable of pursuing affluence than other countries |
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| 第2题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、to be usedB、to have usedC、to have been usedD、to use |
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| 第3题：{{B}}练习九{{/B}} We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie aheaD、No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip (集成电路), would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow’s achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes.But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether .they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth.Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant It will be the way you do your joB、 |
| 第4题：{{B}}练习四{{/B}} Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organizeD、 You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong. In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together. The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities.Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they shoulD、So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crosseD、 Other researches did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brain’s electrical activity and made a man of the electrical signals. FrankDuffy experimented with this techniques atChildren’s Hospital MedicalCenter inBoston.DoctorDuffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to wide area of the brain, not just the left side. |
| 第5题：Will theEuropean Union make it The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth. As well as those chronic problems, theEU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation. Yet the debate about how to saveEurope’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies. Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, marked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freezeEU funds for poorer regions andEU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights inEU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of theEU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference. A、"southern" camp headed by French wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through commonEurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e. g. , curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs. It is too soon to write off theEU. It remains the world’s largest trading block.At its best, theEuropean project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labor than any comparable trading areA、It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign. TheEU is faced with so many problems that ______. A、it has more or less lost faith in markets B、even its supporters begin to feel concerned C、some of its member countries plan to abandon euro D、it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation |
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| 第6题：中国民营企业陈光标在四川汶川地震发生后，率先带着人员和设备赶赴灾区实施民间救援。他曾经说过：“如果你有杯水，你可以独自享用；如果你有一桶水，你可以存放家中；如果你有一条河，你就要学会与他人分享。” 以下哪项陈述与陈光标的断言发生了最严重的不一致 A、如果你没有一条河，你就不必学会与他人分享。 B、我确实拥有一条河，但它是我的，我为什么要学会与他人分享 C、或者你没有一条河，或者你要学会与他人分享。 D、如果你没有一桶水，你也不会拥有一条河。 E、我没有一条河，但我也可以和他人分享。 |
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| 第7题：September 11 should have driven home a basic lesson for theBush administration about life in an interconnected world: misery abroad threatens security at home. It is no coincidence that OsamaBin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban’sAfghanistan, whose citizens were among the most impoverished and oppressed on earth. If the administration took this lesson seriously, it would dump the rules of realpolitik that have governed U.S. foreign aid policy for 50 years. Instead, it is pouring money into an ally of convenience, Pakistan, which is ultimately likely to expand the ranks of anti-American terrorists abroaD、 To enlist Pakistan in the fight against the Taliban, theBush administration resurrected theCold War tradition of propping up despotic military regimes in the name of peace and freedom. Its commitment of billions of dollars to Pakistan since September 11 will further entrench the sort of government that has made Pakistan both a development failure and a geopolitical hotspot for decades. Within Pakistan, the aid may ultimately create enough angry young men to make upA1 Qaeda’s losses inAfghanistan. In SouthAsia as a whole, the cash infusion may accelerate a dangerous arms race with Indi A、 Historically, the U.S. government has cloaked aid to allies such as Pakistan in the rhetoric of economic development.As aCold War ally, Pakistan received some $ 37 billion in grants and loans from the West between 1960 and 1990, adjusting for inflation.And since September 11, the U.S. administration has promised more of the’ same. It has dropped sanctions imposed after Pakistan detonated a nuclear bomb in 1998, pushed through a $1.3 billion IMF loan for Pakistan, and called for another $2 billion from the WorldBank and theAsianDevelopmentBank. TheBush administration is also, ironically, pressing allies to join it in canceling or rescheduling billions of dollars of old (and failed) loans that were granted in past decades in response to similar arm-twisting. Despite--even because of--all this aid, Pakistan is now one of the most indebted, impoverished, militarized nations on earth. The causes of Pakistan’s poverty are sadly familiar. The government ignored family planning, leading to population expansion from 50 million in 1960 to nearly 150 million today, for an average growth rate of 2.6 percent a year. Foreign aid meant to pave rural roads went into unneeded city highways--or pockets of top officials.And the military grew large, goaded by a regional rivalry with India that has three times bubbled into war. The result is a government that, as former WorldBank economist WilliamEasterly has observed, "cannot bring off a simple and cheap measles (麻疹) vaccination (预防接种) program, and yet...can build nuclear weapons.\ It implies in the passage that ______. A、the U.S. government has been helping Pakistan’s economic development B、the U.S. approved Pakistan’s detonating nuclear bomb C、the Pakistan government is corrupt D、the Pakistan government didn’t pay much attention to family planning |
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| 第8题：One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in NorthAmerica enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on.At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world’s people; yet we consume one-third of the world’s resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter.But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources. AsAmericans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world’s resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine’ the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumeD、If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanceD、But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn’t make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today,Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we’re going to have to answer, whether we’re trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world’s resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the worlD、It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them. The writer gives the example of bread to show that ______. A、the United States has been much richer than any other countries B、the United States has acquired more than what it has contributed C、the United States has been too greedy in its pursuit of super affluence D、the United States is more capable of pursuing affluence than other countries |
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| 第9题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、convenientB、sophisticatedC、elaborate D、comprehensive |
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| 第10题：The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has (1) across the WeB、 Can privacy be preserved (2) bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly (3) Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a (4) to make the Web a safer place a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech (5) of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID、card, all rolled (6) one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential (7) to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to (8) a federation of private online identity systems. User could (9) which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license (10) by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to (11) just once but use many different services. (12) , the approach would create a "walled garden" cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a (13) community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with (14) ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructrue (15) which the transaction runs". Still, the administration’s plan has (16) privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerneD、It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would (17) be a compulsory Internet "drive’s license" mentality. The plan has also been greeted with (18) by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet (19) . They argue that all Internet users should be (20) to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. A．skepticism B．relevance C．indifference D．enthusiasm |
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