MBA每日一练（2019/1/16）

第1题：TheAfricans’ interest is to guard preferential export rules enshrined in the temporaryAfrican Growth and OpportunityAct, passed byCongress in 2,000. Tariff-free exports of some 6,000 goods fromAfrica to the United States are boosting trade and investment in southernAfric A、Lesotho’s fast-growing textile industry depends almost entirely onChinese investment in factories to make clothes for sale in the United States. The region also wants more access toAmerica’s markets for fruit, beef and other agricultural goods. American interest lies mainly in SouthAfrica, by far the largest economy in the region. Services account for 60% of its GDP, and it increasingly dominates the rest ofAfrica in banking, information technology, telecom, retail’ and other areas. Just asBritish banks, such asBarclays, have moved theirAfrican headquarters to SouthAfrica over the past year,American investors see the country as a platform to the rest of the continent. Agreeing investment rules and resolving differences on intellectual property rights are the most urgent issues.American drug firms want to be part of the fast expansion in SouthAfrica of production of anti-retroviral drugs, used againstAIDS.By 2007 SouthAfrica alone expects 1.2m patients to take the drugs daily. The country might be the world’s biggest exporter of anti-AIDS drugs within a few years. Striking a bilateral deal now should makeAmerican investments easier. But Mr. Zoellick’s greater concern is for multilateral trade talks that stalled inCancun, Mexico, in September.AlecErwin, his SouthAfrican counterpart, helped to organize the G20 group of poor and middle-income countries that opposed jointAmerican-EU proposals there; he is widely tipped to take over as head of the World Trade Organization late next year, and would be a useful ally. So Mr. Zoellick is trying to charm hisAfrican partner by agreeing to drop support for most of a group of issues (known as "Singapore" issues) that jammed up the talks atCancun, and were opposed by poor countries; he says he also favors abolishing export subsidies inAmerica--though only if Japan and theEU agree to do the same. That would pleaseAfrican exporters who say such subsidies destroy markets for their goods. Mr. Zoellick’s efforts to make more friends may be paying off.Even thoughAmerica has treatedAfrica very shabbily on trade in the past, Mr.Erwin hints it is easier doing business withAmerica than withEurope or Japan. A、small sign, but perhaps a telling one. We can conclude from the passage that ______. A、the multilateral trade talks inCancun might be productive B、Mr. Zoellick is very good at making friends with leaders C、Japan andEU will abolish the export subsidies as the U.S. D、SouthAfrica’s exports toAmerica are bound to decrease

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题： Text 4 In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror—the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metes and severely flooding coastal cities.Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth’s chief food-growing zones. In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on theArctic because theAntarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet.But the weather experts are now paying more attention to WestAntarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas ofAntarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth. However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be failing. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun.Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun.As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downwarD、 Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last IceAge. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new IceAge and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is______.A．mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising B．possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting C．exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth’s climate D．partly due to variations in the output of solar energy

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in NorthAmerica enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on.At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world’s people; yet we consume one-third of the world’s resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter.But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources. AsAmericans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world’s resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine’ the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumeD、If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanceD、But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn’t make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today,Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we’re going to have to answer, whether we’re trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world’s resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the worlD、It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them. What is the conclusion of this passage A、The United States will be isolated if it does not stop pursuing super affluence. B、The poor countries will no longer supply the United States with their goods. C、The United States should care about the well-being of other countries. D、It is time for theAmericans to help the people in poor countries to improve their living standards.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题：如果甲和乙都获得了签证，那么丙和丁也都能获得签证。遗憾的是丙没有获得签证。 如果上述断定都是真的，以下哪项也一定是真的 A．甲和乙都没有获得签证而丁很可能获得了签证。 B．甲没有获得签证但乙获得了签证。 C．要么甲获得签证要么乙获得签证。 D．除非甲没有获得签证，否则乙没有获得签证。 E．(E) 除非甲获得了签证，否则乙没有获得签证。

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第5题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、as a resultB、for one reason C、by no meansD、at any rate

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题：哥白尼的天体理论从它刚刚被提出来的时候起，就比托勒密的理论先进。虽然当时所有的观测结果与这两个理论都是吻合的。托勒密认为星体绕地球高速旋转，哥白尼认为这是不可能的，他正确地提出了一个较为简单的理论，即地球绕地轴旋转。 上述陈述与以下哪项原则最为一致 A．在其他方面都相同的情况下，两个不同理论中哪个越简单，哪个就越重要。 B．在其他方面都相同的情况下，两个不同理论中哪个越复杂，哪个就越落后。 C．如果观察结果与两个不同的理论都相吻合，那么直观上更像真的那个是可行的。 D．如果某个理论像真的，另一个理论像假的，那么像真的那个理论较为先进。 E．在选择不同的科学理论时，应将简单-性作为唯一的考虑因素。

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第7题：The notion of using a management degree to do good while doing well has grown in popularity on today’s business school campuses.And an ever-increasing number of students plan on putting their talent to use within the (1) sector. The recession has led many applicants to reevaluate their priorities and (2) what they want to do with their lives, often trading jobs with status and huge paychecks for careers with a (n) (3) social impact. In order to keep and develop the competitive (4) needed to survive in today’s uncertain economy, nonprofits must run themselves just like any other successful business. What you need to (5) a company well, as is often the (6) within this sector, business skills are essential. (7) are people skills, management skills, financial-analysis skills, IT skills—the list goes on. That’s (8) the MB A、degree comes in. While at business school, social enterprise-minded students can take (9) of numerous clubs, competitions, global experiences, and centers.And the centers are (10) to teach students about topics ranging from nonprofit management to starting businesses that (11) underrepresented communities. The SocialEnterprise Initiative is a big part of MB A、experience at HarvardBusiness School, which (12) more than 500 books and cases published on the subject since 1993 and more than 90 HBS (13) engaged in social enterprise research and teaching. (14) theCenter for Social Innovation at Standard Graduate School ofBusiness, MB A、students can earn a certificate in the Public Management Program as they focus their academic efforts in (15) such as the environment, international development, health care, and education. Across the pond, the SkollCenter for SocialEntrepreneurship at Oxford’s SaidBusiness School (16) for its variety of social entrepreneurship electives, MB A、projects on social innovation, and co- curricular activities. It was (17) in 2003 with a ￡4.4 million investment by the Skoll Foundation, the largest (18) center offers up to five fully funded MB A、scholarships to (19) impressive candidates, named Skoll Skollars, who plan to (20) entrepreneurial solution for urgent social and environmental challenges. A、fundingB、value C、tuition D、expenditure

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题： A、recent history of theChicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines how the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830’s through the early 1890’s. Meatpackers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packinghouses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious.Because the history maintains that conditions were above standard for the era, the frequency of labor disputes, especially in the mid-1880’s, is not accounted for. The work ignores the fact that the 1880’s were crucial years inAmerican labor history, and that the’ packinghouse workers’ efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform. In fact, other historical sources for the late nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions.Additional data from the University ofChicago suggest that the packing houses were dangerous places to work. The government investigation commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the adoption of the 1906 Meat InspectionAct found the packinghouses unsanitary, while social workers observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworkeD、The history may be too optimistic because most of its data date from the 1880 ’s at the latest, and the information provided from that decade is insufficiently analyzeD、Conditions actually declined in the 1880’s, and continued to decline after the 1880’s, due to a reorganization of the packing process and a massive influx of unskilled workers. The ’deterioration, in worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap labor, is not discusseD、Though a detailed account of work in the packing houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wages and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industry’s workers from the 1880’s on. While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting and packing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretcheD、 The author’s misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the history’s faulty generalizations. The pride and contentment the author remarks upon were, arguably, less the products of the industrial world of the packers—the giant yards and the intricate plants—than of the unity and vibrancy of the ethnic cultures that formed a viable community onChicago’s South Side. Indeed, the strength of this community succeeded in generating a social movement that effectively confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihooD、 The author of the passage mentions all of the following as describing negative conditions in the meat-packing industryEXCEPT ______. [A] data from the University ofChicago [B] a recent history of the meat-packing industry [C] social workers [D] historical sources for the late nineteenth century

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题：Ancient Greek philosopherAristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health".But (1) some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does (2) short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, (3) heart rate and oxygen consumptionBut because hard laughter is difficult to (4) , a good laugh is unlikely to have (5) benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. (6) , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the (7) , studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter (8) muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help (9) the effects of psychological stress.Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of (10) feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. (11) one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted (12) physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry (13) they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also (14) tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow (15) muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to (16) a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile- or with their lips, which would produce a (n) (17) expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles (18) more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, (19) that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around (20) , the physical act of laughter could improve mooD、 A、exhausts B、followsC、precedesD、suppresses

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第10题：违反道德的行为是违背人性的，而所有违背人性的事情都是一样地坏。因为杀人是不道德的，所以用炸弹杀死一个人和用炸弹炸死一百个人是一样坏的。 以下哪项论断与上述的论证原则是一致的 A．如果说谎是不道德的，它与杀死一个人是一样坏的。 B．牺牲一个人去救另外一百个人并不比牺牲一个人去救另外一个人更高尚。 C．如果盗窃是不道德的，社会就应该像防止杀人那样来防止盗窃。 D．过失杀人与故意杀人是一样坏的。 E．在只有杀死另外一个人才能挽救一个人的生命时，无论杀死还是不杀死人都是同样坏的。

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E