| MBA每日一练（2019/2/19） |
| 第1题：It is just one example of the growing concern over the increasing power consumption and environmental impact of computers. A、study found that the power consumption of data centers doubled between 2000 and 2005, and now accounts for 1.2% ofAmerican electricity consumption, though other estimates put the figure at 4%.Companies now spend as much as 10% of their technology budgets on energy, says Rakesh Kumar of Gartner, a consultancy. Power consumption has increased because of the rise of the internet, of course, but also because of way in which computers have historically been designed: to maximize performance at all costs.Between 1996 and 2006, the number of servers in use went from 6 million to 28 million and the average power consumption of each server grew from 150 watts to 400 watts.But things are now starting to change and the computer industry has been seized with enthusiasm for "green computing". |
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| 第2题：某省决定给春小麦亩产低于400斤的农户以无息助贫贷款。这一决策是欠考虑的，因为发放借款的季节是农民最需要资金的春耕时节，而核定产量要到夏收后。这样会有许多亩产超过400斤的农户实际上获得贷款，这有悖于发放这项措施的初衷。 以下哪项对上述论证的评价最为恰当 A．上述论证成立。 B．上述论证对发放无息助贫贷款的标准理解不准确。 C．上述论证对发放无息助贫贷款的初衷理解不准确。 D．上述论证对区分农村贫富的标准理解不准确。 E．上述论证对无息助贫贷款在提高农作物产量中能起到的作用理解不准确。 |
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| 第3题： One of the most interesting of all studies is the study of words and word origins.Each language is {{U}} (1) {{/U}} of several earlier languages, and the words of a language can sometimes be traced {{U}} (2) {{/U}} through two or three different languages to their {{U}} (3) {{/U}}Again, a word from one language may pass into other languages and {{U}} (4) {{/U}} a new meaning. The word "etiquette", which is {{U}} (5) {{/U}} French origin and originally meant a label, {{U}} (6) {{/U}} a sign, passed into Spanish and kept its original meaning. So in Spanish the word "etiquette" today is used to {{U}} (7) {{/U}} the small tags which a store {{U}} (8) {{/U}} to a suit, a dress or a bottle. The word "etiquette" in French, {{U}} (9) {{/U}}, gradually developed a different meaning. It {{U}} (10) {{/U}} became the custom to write directions on small cards or "etiquette" as to how visitors should dress themselves and {{U}} (11) {{/U}} during an important ceremony at the royal court. {{U}} (12) {{/U}}, the word "etiquette" began to indicate a system of correct manners for people to follow. {{U}} (13) {{/U}} this meaning, the word passed intoEnglish. Consider the word "breakfast". "To fast" is to go for some period of time without {{U}} (14) {{/U}} . Thus, in the morning, after many hours {{U}} (15) {{/U}} the night without food, one {{U}} (16) {{/U}} one’s fast. Consider the everydayEnglish {{U}} (17) {{/U}} "Good-bye". Many years ago, people would say to each other {{U}} (18) {{/U}} parting: "God be with you."As this was {{U}} (19) {{/U}} over and over millions of times, it gradually became {{U}} (20) {{/U}} to "good-bye". |
| 第4题：For more than a decade, the prevailing view of innovation has been that little guys had the edge. Innovation bubbled up from the bottom, from upstarts and insurgents.Big companies didn’t innovate, and government got in the way. In the dominant innovation narrative, venture-backed start-up companies were cast as the nimble winners and large corporations as the sluggish losers. There was a rich vein of business-school research supporting the notion that innovation comes most naturally from small-scale outsiders. That was the headline point that a generation of business people, venture investors and policy makers took away fromClayton M.Christensen’s 1997 classic, The Innovator’sDilemma, which examined the process of disruptive change. But a shift in thinking is under way, driven by altered circumstances. In the United States and abroad, the biggest economic and social challenges—and potential business opportunities—are problems in multifaceted fields like the environment, energy and health care that rely on complex systems. Solutions won’t come from the next new gadget or clever software, though such innovations will help. Instead, they must plug into a larger network of change shaped by economics, regulation and policy. Progress, experts say, will depend on people in a wide range of disciplines, and collaboration across the public and private sectors. "These days, more than ever, size matters in the innovation game," said John Kao, a former professor at the Harvard business school and an innovation consultant to governments and corporations. In its economic recovery package, the Obama administration is financing programs to generate innovation with technology in health care and energy. The government will spend billions to accelerate the adoption of electronic patient records to help improve care and curb costs, and billions more to spur the installation of so-called smart grids that use sensors and computerized meters to reduce electricity consumption. In other developed nations, where energy costs are higher than in the United States, government and corporate projects to cut fuel use and reduce carbon emissions are further along.But the Obama administration is pushing environmental and energy conservation policy more in the direction ofEurope and Japan. The change will bolster demand for more efficient and more environmentally friendly systems for managing commuter traffic, food distribution, electric grids and waterways. These systems are animated by inexpensive sensors and ever-increasing computing power but also require the skills to analyze, model and optimize complex networks, factoring in things as diverse as weather patterns and human behavior.Big companies like GeneralElectric and IBM that employ scientists in many disciplines typically have the skills and scale to tackle such projects. In his bookChristensen comes to the conclusion that [A] business people are more innovative than government officials. [B] all kinds of changes are disruptive activities in some sense. [C] the dilemma of any innovation is its disruptive nature. [D] small businesses are more creative than large companies. |
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| 第5题：September 11 should have driven home a basic lesson for theBush administration about life in an interconnected world: misery abroad threatens security at home. It is no coincidence that OsamaBin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban’sAfghanistan, whose citizens were among the most impoverished and oppressed on earth. If the administration took this lesson seriously, it would dump the rules of realpolitik that have governed U.S. foreign aid policy for 50 years. Instead, it is pouring money into an ally of convenience, Pakistan, which is ultimately likely to expand the ranks of anti-American terrorists abroaD、 To enlist Pakistan in the fight against the Taliban, theBush administration resurrected theCold War tradition of propping up despotic military regimes in the name of peace and freedom. Its commitment of billions of dollars to Pakistan since September 11 will further entrench the sort of government that has made Pakistan both a development failure and a geopolitical hotspot for decades. Within Pakistan, the aid may ultimately create enough angry young men to make upA1 Qaeda’s losses inAfghanistan. In SouthAsia as a whole, the cash infusion may accelerate a dangerous arms race with Indi A、 Historically, the U.S. government has cloaked aid to allies such as Pakistan in the rhetoric of economic development.As aCold War ally, Pakistan received some $ 37 billion in grants and loans from the West between 1960 and 1990, adjusting for inflation.And since September 11, the U.S. administration has promised more of the’ same. It has dropped sanctions imposed after Pakistan detonated a nuclear bomb in 1998, pushed through a $1.3 billion IMF loan for Pakistan, and called for another $2 billion from the WorldBank and theAsianDevelopmentBank. TheBush administration is also, ironically, pressing allies to join it in canceling or rescheduling billions of dollars of old (and failed) loans that were granted in past decades in response to similar arm-twisting. Despite--even because of--all this aid, Pakistan is now one of the most indebted, impoverished, militarized nations on earth. The causes of Pakistan’s poverty are sadly familiar. The government ignored family planning, leading to population expansion from 50 million in 1960 to nearly 150 million today, for an average growth rate of 2.6 percent a year. Foreign aid meant to pave rural roads went into unneeded city highways--or pockets of top officials.And the military grew large, goaded by a regional rivalry with India that has three times bubbled into war. The result is a government that, as former WorldBank economist WilliamEasterly has observed, "cannot bring off a simple and cheap measles (麻疹) vaccination (预防接种) program, and yet...can build nuclear weapons.\ By saying "It is no coincidence that OsamaBin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban’sAfghanistan," the author means ______. A、OsamaBin Laden and Taliban are good friends B、America’s foreign policy is one of the sources of the misery inAfghanistan C、it is not difficult forBin Laden to find warm hospitality inAfghanistan D、OsamaBin Laden is the source of misery abroad |
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| 第6题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、originsB、devices C、sources D、evidences |
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| 第7题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、originsB、devices C、sources D、evidences |
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| 第8题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、to be usedB、to have usedC、to have been usedD、to use |
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| 第9题：某班一次期末考试，每名学生至少有一科目考试优秀，其中外语考试优秀的学生24名，机械原理考试优秀的学生25名，计算机考试优秀的学生30名，在以上三科中恰有两个科目优秀的学生共21名，三科都优秀的学生人数为最小的质数，则该班有学生( )名． A．79 B．60 C．54 D．56 E．(E) 58 |
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| 第10题：Some people believe that growing up in a large family, with several sisters and brothers, offers more advantages than disadvantages. Other people think that being the only child is more advantageous. Write a short composition of about 150 words in which you discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each position.Explain which position you support. |
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