| MBA易错题（2019/2/21） |
| 第1题：经过反复核查，质检员小李向厂长汇报说：“726车间生产的产品都是合格的，所以不合格的产品都不是726车间生产的。”以下哪项和小李的推理结构最为相似？ A、所有入场的考生都经过了体温测试，所以没能入场的考生都没有经过体温测试。 B．所有出场设备都是检测合格的，所有检测合格的设备都已出厂。 C．所有已发表文章都是认真校对过的，所以认真校对过的文章都已发表。 D．所有真理都是不怕批评的，所有怕批评的都不是真理。 E．所有不及格的学生都没有好好复习，所以没好好复习的学生都不及格。 |
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| 第2题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、substituteB、compensateC、accountD、qualify |
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| 第3题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、their possessions B、their children C、themselves D、them |
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| 第4题： {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choosingA,B,C、orD、Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1. {{B}}Passage One{{/B}} The ideas we have inAmerica about the private ownership of productive property as a natural and universal right of mankind, perhaps of divine origin, are by no means universal and must be viewed as an invention of man rather than an order of GoD、Of course, we are completely trained to accept the idea of ownership of the earth and its products, raw and transformeD、It seems not at all strange; in fact, it is quite difficult to imagine a society without such arrangements. If someone, some individuals, didn’t own that plot of land, that house, that factory, that machine, that tower of wheat, how would we function What would the rules be Whom would we buy from and how would we sell It is important to acknowledge a significant difference between achieving ownership simply by taking or claiming property and owning what we tend to call the "fruit of labor." If I, alone or together with my family, work on the land and raise crops, or if I make something useful out of natural material, it seems reasonable and fair to claim that the crops or the objects belong to me or my family, are my property, at least in the sense that I have first claim on them. Hardly anyone would dispute that. In fact, some of the early radical workingmen’s movements made (an ownership) claim on those very grounds.As industrial organization became more complex, however, such issues became vastly more intricate. It must be clear that in modem society the social heritage of knowledge and technology and the social organization of manufacture and exchange account for far more of the productivity of industry and the value of what is produced than can be accounted for by the labor of any number of individuals. Hardly any person can now point and say, "That--that right there--is the fruit of my labor." We can say, as a society, as a nation--as a world, really--that what is produced is the fruit of our labor, the product of the whole society as a collectivity. We have to recognize that the right of private individual ownership of property is man-made and constantly dependent on the extent to which those without property believe that the owner can make his claim, dependent on the extent to which those without stick. |
| 第5题：Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative implication. So it seems paradoxical( 自相矛盾的) to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try — the more we step outside our comfort zone — the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. "The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination (迷恋) with wonder," saysDawna Markova, author of The Open MinD、"But we are taught instead to ’decide,’ just as our president calls himself ’theDecider’. " She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.A、good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities. " All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally ( or collaboratively) and innovatively.At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life. The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. "This breaks the major rule in theAmerican belief system — that anyone can do anything," explains M.J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will... and Ms. Markova’s business partner. "That’s a lie that we have perpetuated (保持), and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in. The word "ruts" (Line 1, ParA、4) is closest in meaning to______. A、tracks B、series C、characteristicsD、connections |
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