| MBA每日一练（2019/2/26） |
| 第1题：One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in NorthAmerica enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on.At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world’s people; yet we consume one-third of the world’s resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter.But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources. AsAmericans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world’s resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine’ the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumeD、If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanceD、But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn’t make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today,Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we’re going to have to answer, whether we’re trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world’s resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the worlD、It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them. According to the passage, it has long been believed that ______. A、people in poor countries scarcely know how to enjoy a high standard of living B、the world’s resources being limited, people in underdeveloped countries are bound to live a poor life C、mostAmericans know that the world’s resources of many kinds are becoming scarce D、it is impossible for all the people in the world to improve their living standards |
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| 第2题：TheAfricans’ interest is to guard preferential export rules enshrined in the temporaryAfrican Growth and OpportunityAct, passed byCongress in 2,000. Tariff-free exports of some 6,000 goods fromAfrica to the United States are boosting trade and investment in southernAfric A、Lesotho’s fast-growing textile industry depends almost entirely onChinese investment in factories to make clothes for sale in the United States. The region also wants more access toAmerica’s markets for fruit, beef and other agricultural goods. American interest lies mainly in SouthAfrica, by far the largest economy in the region. Services account for 60% of its GDP, and it increasingly dominates the rest ofAfrica in banking, information technology, telecom, retail’ and other areas. Just asBritish banks, such asBarclays, have moved theirAfrican headquarters to SouthAfrica over the past year,American investors see the country as a platform to the rest of the continent. Agreeing investment rules and resolving differences on intellectual property rights are the most urgent issues.American drug firms want to be part of the fast expansion in SouthAfrica of production of anti-retroviral drugs, used againstAIDS.By 2007 SouthAfrica alone expects 1.2m patients to take the drugs daily. The country might be the world’s biggest exporter of anti-AIDS drugs within a few years. Striking a bilateral deal now should makeAmerican investments easier. But Mr. Zoellick’s greater concern is for multilateral trade talks that stalled inCancun, Mexico, in September.AlecErwin, his SouthAfrican counterpart, helped to organize the G20 group of poor and middle-income countries that opposed jointAmerican-EU proposals there; he is widely tipped to take over as head of the World Trade Organization late next year, and would be a useful ally. So Mr. Zoellick is trying to charm hisAfrican partner by agreeing to drop support for most of a group of issues (known as "Singapore" issues) that jammed up the talks atCancun, and were opposed by poor countries; he says he also favors abolishing export subsidies inAmerica--though only if Japan and theEU agree to do the same. That would pleaseAfrican exporters who say such subsidies destroy markets for their goods. Mr. Zoellick’s efforts to make more friends may be paying off.Even thoughAmerica has treatedAfrica very shabbily on trade in the past, Mr.Erwin hints it is easier doing business withAmerica than withEurope or Japan. A、small sign, but perhaps a telling one. American drug makers want to get a share in the anti-AIDS drug production in SouthAfrica in that ______. A、the U.S. domestic anti-AIDS drug market is shrinking quickly B、American drug makers have a lot of extra capital to invest C、the bilateral deal has made U.S. investments much easier now D、SouthAfrica has a huge global market potential in these drugs |
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| 第3题：陈先生：昨天我驾车时被警察出具罚单，理由是我超速。警察这样做是不公正的。我敢肯定，当时我看到很多车都超速，为什么受罚的只有我一个 贾女士：你并没有受到不公正的对待，因为警察当时不可能制止所有的超速汽车。事实上，当时每个超速驾驶的人都同样可能被出具罚单。 确定以下哪项原则，最能支持贾女士的观点
A．任何处罚的公正性，只能是相对的，不是绝对的。绝对公正的处罚，是一种理想化的标准，不具有可操作性。 B．对违反交通规则的处罚不是一种目的，而是一种手段。 C．违反交通规则的处罚对象，应当是所有违反交通规则的人。 D．任何处罚，只要有法规依据，就是公正的。 E．如果每个违反交通规则的人被处罚的可能性均等，那么，对其中任何一个人的处罚都是公正的。 |
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| 第4题：TheAfricans’ interest is to guard preferential export rules enshrined in the temporaryAfrican Growth and OpportunityAct, passed byCongress in 2,000. Tariff-free exports of some 6,000 goods fromAfrica to the United States are boosting trade and investment in southernAfric A、Lesotho’s fast-growing textile industry depends almost entirely onChinese investment in factories to make clothes for sale in the United States. The region also wants more access toAmerica’s markets for fruit, beef and other agricultural goods. American interest lies mainly in SouthAfrica, by far the largest economy in the region. Services account for 60% of its GDP, and it increasingly dominates the rest ofAfrica in banking, information technology, telecom, retail’ and other areas. Just asBritish banks, such asBarclays, have moved theirAfrican headquarters to SouthAfrica over the past year,American investors see the country as a platform to the rest of the continent. Agreeing investment rules and resolving differences on intellectual property rights are the most urgent issues.American drug firms want to be part of the fast expansion in SouthAfrica of production of anti-retroviral drugs, used againstAIDS.By 2007 SouthAfrica alone expects 1.2m patients to take the drugs daily. The country might be the world’s biggest exporter of anti-AIDS drugs within a few years. Striking a bilateral deal now should makeAmerican investments easier. But Mr. Zoellick’s greater concern is for multilateral trade talks that stalled inCancun, Mexico, in September.AlecErwin, his SouthAfrican counterpart, helped to organize the G20 group of poor and middle-income countries that opposed jointAmerican-EU proposals there; he is widely tipped to take over as head of the World Trade Organization late next year, and would be a useful ally. So Mr. Zoellick is trying to charm hisAfrican partner by agreeing to drop support for most of a group of issues (known as "Singapore" issues) that jammed up the talks atCancun, and were opposed by poor countries; he says he also favors abolishing export subsidies inAmerica--though only if Japan and theEU agree to do the same. That would pleaseAfrican exporters who say such subsidies destroy markets for their goods. Mr. Zoellick’s efforts to make more friends may be paying off.Even thoughAmerica has treatedAfrica very shabbily on trade in the past, Mr.Erwin hints it is easier doing business withAmerica than withEurope or Japan. A、small sign, but perhaps a telling one. We can conclude from the passage that ______. A、the multilateral trade talks inCancun might be productive B、Mr. Zoellick is very good at making friends with leaders C、Japan andEU will abolish the export subsidies as the U.S. D、SouthAfrica’s exports toAmerica are bound to decrease |
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| 第5题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、trailedB、tracedC、trappedD、tested |
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| 第6题：{{B}}练习五{{/B}} An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In theAmerican economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be a bit up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in theAmerican economic system. The important factor in a private-oriented economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In theAmerican economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. |
| 第7题：Most marketing operations pay close attention to what young people are buying and thinking. NotBritain’s political parties, however, for the simple reason that the under-30s are unlikely to go anywhere near a polling booth. In 1964, 11% of those aged 18 to 24 claimed not to vote, according to theBritishElection Study.At the general election last year that figure rose to 55%. 46. A、report this week by Reform, a think-tank, suggests that this reticence is costing them dearly.Changes in government policy, it argues, have turned being young into a terrible bore. 47. There are already two powerful economic forces working against the so-called "IPOD、generation" that are beyond the government’s control. First, the ageing of the population is fast increasing the ratio of people in retirement to those of working age. So the young can look forward to handing over a rising proportion of their pay to support the oldies in their decline. Second, the cost of buying a house in places where people want to live has shot up beyond the reach of the young. In 1995 24% of all first-time homebuyers were under 25 ; today, less than 15% are, according to the Halifax, a bank. This much is uncontroversial.But the report also argues that the Labour government has made life worse for young people, in three ways. First, increased spending on health care has tended to benefit the old, who ’use the NHS more than the young. Second, tilting the tax and benefit system towards people with children has transferred money from the young to the middle-ageD、Third, higher tuition fees are landing university graduates with hefty debts. 48．And the future doesn’t look much better: the government’s proposed pension reforms, along with the decline of defined-benefit company-pension schemes, make grim reading for the under-30s too. "These changes ought to have brought about a re-examination of the burden of taxation on this age group," says NickBosanquet of ImperialCollege London, one of the authors of the report, tie reckons that, after paying various taxmen and lenders, graduates take home only around half of their salaries. The average for all salaried workers is about three-fifths. Are things really that bad When examined in a freeze-frame, being young does not look much fun financially.But welfare states are meant to transfer resources from the vigorous to the fragile. Some benefits are merely deferred: today’s 25-year-olds will have babies and hip replacements one day. 49．And although people in their 20s and 30s tend to be heavily indebted this passes when they sink into their 40s and 50s, says RichardDisney of Nottingham University. Even so, the feeling that young people are being squeezed presents a political opportunity for the opposition parties. 50．David Willetts, theConservative shadow education secretary, said in a speech last year that the young "could be forgiven for believing that the way in which economic and social policy is now conducted is little less than a conspiracy by the middle- aged" against them_. The LiberalDemocrat commission on tax policy worried inAugust about inter-generational unfairness too. There will be more of such talk. For the Tories, it offers a way to discuss reducing spending without sounding as if they are merely the mouthpiece of the wealthy. It gives LibDem leaders a way to argue activists out of promising to out-spend Labour.And it might even persuade some of those gloomy 25-year-olds to vote. |
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| 第8题： A、条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分． B．条件(2)充分，但条件(1)不充分． C．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分． D．条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分． E．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分． 能组成18个三位数． (1)从0，1，2，3，4五个数字中任取三个，组成百位数字大于十位数字，十位数字大于个位数字的三位数； (2)用0，1，2，3四个数字组成无重复数字的三位数． |
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| 第9题：At the ceremony at Yale University in 1983, several honorary degrees were awarded, including one to Mother Teres A、As she and other humanitarians and scholars, each in turn, received their awards, the audience applauded appropriately but with a slight hint of reserve and impatience, for it wished to give its heart to the final recipient who waited shyly in the wings.As the details of her achievements were being recounted, many people left their seats and surged toward the stage to be closer to the great woman.And when the name Meryl Streep was announced, the audience unleashed a sonic boom of affection to wake the New Haven deaD、One man who was present whenBob Hope received his honorary doctorate at another institution said thatDr. Streep’s applause surpassedDr. Hope’s. Knowing how to please a crowd as well as anyone, the intellectual leaders at Yale invitedDickCavett, the talk-show host, to deliver the commencement address the following year. It is rumored that this year,Don Rickles will receive aDoctorate of Humane Letters and Lola Falana will give the commencement address. Prior to the 1984 presidential elections, the two candidates confronted each other on television in what were called "debates." These events were not in the least like the Lincoln-Douglas debates or anything else that goes by the name.Each candidate was given five minutes to address such questions as, What is (or would be) your policy inCentralAmerica His opposite number was then given one minute for a rebuttal. In such circumstances, complexity, documentation and logic can play no role, and, indeed, on several occasions syntax itself was abandoned entirely. It is no matter. The men were less concerned with giving arguments than with "giving off" impressions, which is what television does best. Post-debate commentary largely avoided any evaluation of the candidates’ ideas, since there were none to evaluate. Instead, the debates were conceived as boxing matches, the relevant question being, Who KO’d whom The answer was determined by the "style" of the men—how they looked, fixed their gaze, smiled, and delivered one-liners. In the second debate, President Reagan got off a swell one-liner when asked a question about his age. The following day, several newspapers indicated that Ron had KO’d Fritz with his joke. Thus, the leader of the free world is chosen by the people in theAge of Television. What all of this means is that our culture has moved toward a new way of conducting its business, especially its important business. The nature of its discourse is changing as the demarcation line between what is show business and what is not becomes harder to see with each passing day. Our priests and presidents, our surgeons and lawyers, our educators and newscasters need worry less about satisfying the demands of their discipline than the demands of good showmanship. Had IrvingBerlin changed one word in the title of his celebrated song, he would have been as prophetic, albeit more terse, asAldous Huxley. He need only have written, There’s NoBusinessBut ShowBusiness. The most important element in a presidential candidates debate is [A] ideas and insight.[B] logical presentation. [C] forceful argument.[D] leaving impressions. |
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| 第10题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、imaginationB、creativity C、necessity D、illusion |
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