| MBA每日一练（2019/3/5） |
| 第1题：September 11 should have driven home a basic lesson for theBush administration about life in an interconnected world: misery abroad threatens security at home. It is no coincidence that OsamaBin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban’sAfghanistan, whose citizens were among the most impoverished and oppressed on earth. If the administration took this lesson seriously, it would dump the rules of realpolitik that have governed U.S. foreign aid policy for 50 years. Instead, it is pouring money into an ally of convenience, Pakistan, which is ultimately likely to expand the ranks of anti-American terrorists abroaD、 To enlist Pakistan in the fight against the Taliban, theBush administration resurrected theCold War tradition of propping up despotic military regimes in the name of peace and freedom. Its commitment of billions of dollars to Pakistan since September 11 will further entrench the sort of government that has made Pakistan both a development failure and a geopolitical hotspot for decades. Within Pakistan, the aid may ultimately create enough angry young men to make upA1 Qaeda’s losses inAfghanistan. In SouthAsia as a whole, the cash infusion may accelerate a dangerous arms race with Indi A、 Historically, the U.S. government has cloaked aid to allies such as Pakistan in the rhetoric of economic development.As aCold War ally, Pakistan received some $ 37 billion in grants and loans from the West between 1960 and 1990, adjusting for inflation.And since September 11, the U.S. administration has promised more of the’ same. It has dropped sanctions imposed after Pakistan detonated a nuclear bomb in 1998, pushed through a $1.3 billion IMF loan for Pakistan, and called for another $2 billion from the WorldBank and theAsianDevelopmentBank. TheBush administration is also, ironically, pressing allies to join it in canceling or rescheduling billions of dollars of old (and failed) loans that were granted in past decades in response to similar arm-twisting. Despite--even because of--all this aid, Pakistan is now one of the most indebted, impoverished, militarized nations on earth. The causes of Pakistan’s poverty are sadly familiar. The government ignored family planning, leading to population expansion from 50 million in 1960 to nearly 150 million today, for an average growth rate of 2.6 percent a year. Foreign aid meant to pave rural roads went into unneeded city highways--or pockets of top officials.And the military grew large, goaded by a regional rivalry with India that has three times bubbled into war. The result is a government that, as former WorldBank economist WilliamEasterly has observed, "cannot bring off a simple and cheap measles (麻疹) vaccination (预防接种) program, and yet...can build nuclear weapons.\ America supports the military regime in Pakistan in order to ______. A、control the government of Pakistan B、get the natural resources of Pakistan C、keep peace and freedom D、draw the support of Pakistan in fighting against Taliban |
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| 第2题：Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. (1) the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are (2) Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discardeD、 (3) 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper inAustralia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations.By world standards this is a good (4) . since the world-wide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and (5) schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have (6) even greater utilization of used fibre. (7) , industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years. Already, waste paper (8) 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology (9) to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled (10) in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also (11) . We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; (12) stationery may be less white and (13) a rougher texture. There also needs to be (14) from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper (15) to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous (16) . There are technical (17) to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for reuse. These include paper (18) books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminateD、The four most common (19) of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material (20) goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost. A、requests B、needsC、limitationsD、problems |
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| 第3题：One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in NorthAmerica enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on.At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world’s people; yet we consume one-third of the world’s resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter.But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources. AsAmericans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world’s resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine’ the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumeD、If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanceD、But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn’t make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today,Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we’re going to have to answer, whether we’re trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world’s resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the worlD、It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them. The writer warnsAmericans that ______. A、their excessive consumption has caused world resource exhaustion B、they are confronted with the problem of how to obtain more material goods C、their unfair share of the world’s resources should give way to proper division among countries D、they have to discard their cars for lack of fossil fuel in the world |
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| 第4题：宏达汽车公司生产的小轿车都安装了驾驶员安全气囊。在安装驾驶员气囊的小轿车中，有50%安装了乘客安全气囊。只有安装乘客安全气囊的小轿车才会同时安装减轻冲击力的安全杠和防碎玻璃。 如果上述判定为真，并且事实上李先生从宏达汽车公司购进的一辆小轿车中装有防碎玻璃，则以下哪项一定为真 Ⅰ．这辆车一定装有安全杠。 Ⅱ．这辆车一定装有乘客安全气囊。 Ⅲ．这辆车一定装有驾驶员安全气囊。
A．只有Ⅰ。 B．只有Ⅱ。 C．只有Ⅲ。 D．只有Ⅰ和Ⅱ。 E．Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ。 |
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| 第5题：分析下面的论证在概念、论证方法、论据及结论等方面的有效性。600字左右。民主集中制是一种决策机制。在这种机制中，民主和集中是缺一不可的两个基本点。民主不外乎就是体现多数人的意志。问题在于什么是集中。对此有两种解读，一种认为“集中”就是集中正确的意见；另一种认为“集中”就是集中多数人的意见。第一种解读看似有理，实际上是一种误读。大家都知道，五四运动有两面旗帜，一面是科学，另一面是民主。人们也许没有想到，这两面旗帜体现的是两种根本对立的原则。科学强调真理原则，谁对听谁的；民主强调多数原则，谁占多数听谁的。所谓“集中正确的意见”，就是强调真理原则。这样解读“集中”，就会把民主集中制置于自相矛盾的境地。让我们想象一种情景：多数人的意见是错误的，少数人的意见正确。如果将“集中”解读为“集中正确的意见”，则不按多数人的意见办就不“民主”，按多数人的意见办就不“集中”!毛泽东有一句名言：“真理往往掌握在少数人手里。”把集中解释为集中正确意见，就为少数人说了算提供了依据。如果这样，民主岂不形同虚设 什么是正确的，要靠实践检验，而判断一项决策是否正确，只能在决策实施之后的实践中检验，不可能在决策过程中完成。不知道什么是正确的，如何“集中正确意见”来做决策 既然在决策中集中正确的意见是不可能的，民主集中制的“集中”当然就应该是集中多数人的意见。 |
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| 第6题： A、条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分． B．条件(2)充分，但条件(1)不充分． C．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分． D．条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分． E．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分． 某地震监测准确率为0.60，那么连续5次预报中有n次准确的概率为0.26． (1)n=2；(2)n=3． |
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| 第7题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、farB、furtherC、fartherD、furthest |
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| 第8题：“如果张红是教师，那么他一定学过心理学。” 上述判断是从下面哪个判断中推论出来的 A．一个好教师应该学习心理学。 B．只有学过心理学的才可以做教师。 C．有些教师真的不懂心理学。 D．心理学知识有助于提高教学效果。 E．张红曾经说过她非常喜欢心理学。 |
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| 第9题：人类学的研究表明，不同的文化之间道德观念各不相同。因而，只要存在不同的文化，各文化之间就没有共同的价值观。 以下各项陈述如果为真，除哪项外，都能削弱上述论证
A．人类学家在研究中用与自己所用的语言不同的语言表达的文化的价值观时，依靠的翻译手段不够完善。 B．借助于日益先进的技术和全球交流，我们总有一天会共享一种文化和价值观。 C．虽然不同文化间各有其特殊的价值观，但某些如“友谊是美好的”这样的道德准则，对任何文化都是适用的。 D．研究不同文化的人类学家有一种乐于找出不同文化之间的差异而非共同点的偏好。 E．那些看上去是不同文化价值观的差异，并不比在共同的价值观指导下如何生活的观念之间的分歧更大。 |
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| 第10题： A、person’s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends he spends his time with.Depending on personality, most people have in mind a (n)" (1) home".But in general, and especially for the students or new wage earners, there are practical (2) of cash and location on achieving that ide A、 Cash (3) , in fact, often means that the only way of (4) when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things are (5) financially. There are obvious (6) of living at home-personal laundry is usually (7) done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to (8) .And there is (9) the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etC、 On the other hand, this (10) depends on how a family gets on.Do your parents like your friends You may love your family— (11) do you like themAre you prepared to be (12) when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you are expected to be back If you find that you cannot manage a (n) (13) , and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you (14) finding somewhere else to live If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are (15) well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always (16) . If you are going to work in a (17) area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies, (18) these should be approached with (19) .Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (20) of the first week’s rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you. A、though B．while C．since D．as |
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