MBA每日一练（2019/3/15）

第1题：Marriage guidance counsellors never stop hearing it. "He (or she) never listens," warring couples complain, again and again, as if they were chanting a mantra(吟颂祷文) .And it is the same at work.Bosses say it of executives they are displeased with, and the executives return the compliment with interest when complaining about their bosses.Customers say it about suppliers who have cocked up, and suppliers—having patiently explained why on this occasion they cannot provide exactly what is wanted—say the same about their customers. Like married couples, we all shout the accusation at others, pretending that we ourselves are faultless. Yet in our hearts we know many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven’t listened sufficiently carefully. We get things wrong because we haven’t quite understood what was wanted, or haven’t sussed out(推断出) the implications of what we were tolD、Anyone who has ever written the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it is to remember—even with the benefit of notes—exactly what everyone said and, more importantly, exactly what everyone meant.But success depends on getting things right and that means listening; listening, listening, listening. Hearing is not listening. Listening is not a passive activity. It is hard work. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean probing the speaker for additional information. If you allow your mind to wander, even for a few minutes, you’ll naturally miss what the speaker is saying—probably at the very moment when the speaker is saying something crucial.But not having heard, you won’t know you’ve misseD、Until too late. The most common bad habit we all have is to start thinking of what we are going to say long before the other speaker has finisheD、Then we stop listening. Worse still, this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you have determined what you intend to say there is a fair chance you will rudely butt in on the other person to say it. TheAmerican wit LetitiaBaldridge quipped: "Good listeners don’t interrupt ever—unless the building’s on fire." It’s a good rule of thum B、 One of the key ways to improve your listening ability is by learning to keep a wary eye on the speakers’ body language. The ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying.Being a good listener involves being a good watcher: eyes and ears must go hand in hanD、 For example, people who cover up their mouths with their hands while they are speaking are usually betraying insecurity, and may well be lying. When people rub their noses, it generally indicates they are puzzled; when they shrug their shoulders they are indifferent; when they hug themselves they are feeling threateneD、If they are smiling as they speak they want you to feel the message is friendly, even if its content sounds hostile. On the other hand, if they are clenching their fists and drumming their fingers they may be restraining their anger, and may be much more furious than their words suggest. TheAmerican psychologist Robert C、Beck, who has specialized in research into how people can teach themselves to be better listeners, offers the following half-dozen rules for self-improvement. Be patient—accept that many people are not very good communicators, encourage them to make things crystal clear, and don’t interrupt impatiently or jump to conclusions. Be empathetic—put yourself in the other person’s shoes, both intellectually and emotionally; it will help you understand what they are getting at. Don’t be too clever—faced with a know-all, many people become silent, either because they don’t want to look foolish .or because they see no point in bothering to continue. Use self-disclosure—admitting to your own problems and difficulties, and to your own mistakes, will encourage people to speak openly and honestly about theirs. Ask for explana

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：TheAfricans’ interest is to guard preferential export rules enshrined in the temporaryAfrican Growth and OpportunityAct, passed byCongress in 2,000. Tariff-free exports of some 6,000 goods fromAfrica to the United States are boosting trade and investment in southernAfric A、Lesotho’s fast-growing textile industry depends almost entirely onChinese investment in factories to make clothes for sale in the United States. The region also wants more access toAmerica’s markets for fruit, beef and other agricultural goods. American interest lies mainly in SouthAfrica, by far the largest economy in the region. Services account for 60% of its GDP, and it increasingly dominates the rest ofAfrica in banking, information technology, telecom, retail’ and other areas. Just asBritish banks, such asBarclays, have moved theirAfrican headquarters to SouthAfrica over the past year,American investors see the country as a platform to the rest of the continent. Agreeing investment rules and resolving differences on intellectual property rights are the most urgent issues.American drug firms want to be part of the fast expansion in SouthAfrica of production of anti-retroviral drugs, used againstAIDS.By 2007 SouthAfrica alone expects 1.2m patients to take the drugs daily. The country might be the world’s biggest exporter of anti-AIDS drugs within a few years. Striking a bilateral deal now should makeAmerican investments easier. But Mr. Zoellick’s greater concern is for multilateral trade talks that stalled inCancun, Mexico, in September.AlecErwin, his SouthAfrican counterpart, helped to organize the G20 group of poor and middle-income countries that opposed jointAmerican-EU proposals there; he is widely tipped to take over as head of the World Trade Organization late next year, and would be a useful ally. So Mr. Zoellick is trying to charm hisAfrican partner by agreeing to drop support for most of a group of issues (known as "Singapore" issues) that jammed up the talks atCancun, and were opposed by poor countries; he says he also favors abolishing export subsidies inAmerica--though only if Japan and theEU agree to do the same. That would pleaseAfrican exporters who say such subsidies destroy markets for their goods. Mr. Zoellick’s efforts to make more friends may be paying off.Even thoughAmerica has treatedAfrica very shabbily on trade in the past, Mr.Erwin hints it is easier doing business withAmerica than withEurope or Japan. A、small sign, but perhaps a telling one. Mr. Zoellick is trying to establish a good relationship with Mr.Erwin because ______. A、Mr.Erwin is organizing a group of, poor and middle-income countries to opposeAmeric A、 B、Mr.Erwin is a very talented and tactful diplomat in the world political circle C、Mr.Erwin’s possible position in the coming future will be helpful toAmerican interests D、Mr.Erwin’s relationship with Japanese andEuropean leaders is useful to the U.S.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：Global energy demand is expected to triple by mid-century. The earth is unlikely to run out of fossil fuels by then, given its vast reserves of coal, but it seems unthinkable that we will continue to use them as we do now. It’s not just a question of supply and price, or even of the disease caused by filthy air. The terrorist assault on the World TradeCenter raises other scary scenarios: how much easier would it be to crack open the Trans-Alaska pipeline and how much deadlier would it be to bomb a nuclear plant than to attack a wind arm Skeptics may recall the burst of enthusiasm for conservation and renewable power when oil prices quadrupled in the 1970s. State-funded energy research and development surged, while tax incentives boosted solar, wind and other alternatives to petroleum and the atom.But when oil supplies loosened and prices dropped in the early 1990s, governments lost interest. In the state ofCalifornia, subsidies evaporated, pushing wind companies into bankruptcy. Clean energy has long way to go. Only 2.2% of the world’s energy comes from "new" renewables such as small hydroelectric dams, wind, solar and geothermal. How to boost that share--and at what pace--is debated in industrialized nations--from Japan, which imports 99.7 % of its oil, to Germany, where the nearbyChernobyl accident turned the public against nuclear plants, to the U.S., where theBushAdministration has strong ties to the oil industry.But the momentum toward clean renewables is undeniable. How soon we reach an era of clean, inexhaustible energy depends on technology. Solar and wind energies are intermittent: When the sky is cloudy or the breeze dies down, fossil fuel or nuclear plants must kick into compensate.But scientists are working on better ways to store electricity from renewable sources. While developed nations debate how to fuel their power plants, however, some 1.6 billion people--a quarter of the globe’s population--have no access to electricity or gasoline. Many spend their days collecting firewood and cow dung, burning it in primitive stoves that belch smoke into their lungs. To emerge from poverty, they need modern energy.And renewables can help. From village-scale hydropower to household photovoltaic systems to bio-gas stoves that convert dung into fuel. Ultimately, the earth can meet its energy needs without fouling the environment. "But it won’t happen," asserts Thomas Johansson, an energy adviser to the United NationsDevelopment Program, "without political will." To begin with, widespread government subsidies for fossil fuels and nuclear energy must be dismantled to level the playing field for renewables. Moreover, government should pressure utility to meet targets for renewable sources of energy. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to ______. A、urge the governments to take effective measures B、illustrate the urgent demand of clean energy C、encourage developed nations to set up an example in the energy revolution D、elaborate the difficulties in the use of clean energy

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、convenientB、sophisticatedC、elaborate D、comprehensive

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、withB、inC、for D、at

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、entertainmentB、luxuryC、survival D、adaptation

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、farB、furtherC、fartherD、furthest

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题：为了增加收入，新桥机场决定调整在计时停车场的收费标准。对每一在此停靠的车辆，新标准规定：在第一个4小时或不到4小时期间收取4元，而后每小时收取1元；而旧标准为：第一个2小时或不到2小时期间收取2元，而后每小时收取1元。 以下哪项如果为真，最能说明上述调整有利于增加收入 A．把车停在机场停车场作短途旅游的人较前有很大的增长。 B．机场停车场经过扩充，容量较前大有增加。 C．机场停车场自投入使用以来，每年的收入都低于运营成本。 D．大多数车辆在机场的停靠时间不超过2小时。 E．把车停在机场停车场作短途旅游的人，通常把车停在按天计费而非按时计费的停车场内。

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第9题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、access B、promotionC、remedyD、quest

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第10题：为了有助于学生的健康成长，新光小学要求每个学生每天在早读前统一喝一袋早餐奶。一个学年下来，有人对该校的这个举措提出了异议，理由是，该校喝了早餐奶的学生的平均身高并不比其他学校同年级的不喝早餐奶的学生的平均身高高。因此，他们要求该校停止让学生早读前统一喝早餐奶的做法。 提出异议的人的观点要站住脚，以下哪项假设必须成立 A、如果该校学生不统一喝早餐奶，他们的平均身高不会比现在更矮。 B、该校要求学生统一喝早餐奶，有违教育部门的有关规定。 C、未实行喝早餐奶的举措时，该校学生的平均身高高于其他学校同年级的学生。 D、该校给学生喝的早餐奶质量有问题。 E、该校对学生喝的早餐奶收费过高。

【单选题】： A     B     C     D