MBA每日一练（2019/4/16）

第1题：人们对大麻以及其它毒品的毒性作用过分夸大了。虽然师长父母们非常担忧普遍服用大麻或其它毒品对初、高中学生产生的危害。但是一次对13至17岁之间的5000名学生的全国性调查表明，这些学生中，认为服用这类毒品是有害的人不足16%。 以下哪项如果为真，能够构成对上述论证最大的质疑 A．在被调查的这个年龄组中，学生的观点常随年龄变化而变化。 B．13至17岁的学生中，酗酒人数在上升，许多人认为酗酒比服用大麻危害更大。 C．大麻或其它毒品也许对服用者有害，即使服用者自己也没有意识到这一点。 D．必须分清无受害者犯罪和牵连无辜者犯罪的区别。 E、一个学生不认为毒品有害这个事实并不一定意味着他会使用毒品。

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第2题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、farB、furtherC、fartherD、furthest

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：若关于x的不等式，|x-2|+|x+1|＜b的解集是 ，则b的取值范围是( )．

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题： 企业在制定了业务组合计划之后，还应对未来的业务发展方向制定战略计划，即制定企业的新业务计划或增长战略。企业发展新业务的方法有( )。 A．密集增长 B．平衡增长 C．一体化增长 D．多元化增长

【多选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：In most parts of the world, climate change is a worrying subject. Not so inCaliforni A、At a recent gathering of green luminaries—in a film star’s house, naturally, for that is how seriousness is often established in LosAngeles—the dominant note was self-satisfaction at what the state has already achieveD、And perhaps nobody is more complacent thanArnold Schwarzenegger. UnlikeA1 Gore, a presidential candidate turned prophet of environmental doom,California’s governor sounds cheerful when talking about climate change.As well he might: it has made his political career. AlthoughCalifornia has long been an environmentally-conscious state, until recently greens were concerned above all with smog and redwood trees. "Coast ofDreams", Kevin Stag’s authoritative history of contemporaryCalifornia, published in 2004, does not mention climate change. In that year, though, the newly-elected Mr. Schwarzenegger made his first tentative call for western states to seek alternatives to fossil fuels. Gradually he noticed that his efforts to tackle climate change met with less resistance, and more acclaim, than just about all his other policies. These days it can seem as though he works on nothing else. Mr. Schwarzenegger’s transformation from screen warrior to eco-warrior was completed last year when he signed a bill imposing legally-enforceable limits on greenhouse—gas emissions—a first forAmeric A、Thanks mostly to its lack of coal and heavy industry,California is a relatively clean state. If it were a country it would be the world’s eighth-biggest economy, but only its 16th-biggest polluter. Its big problem is transport—meaning, mostly, cars and trucks, which account for more than 40% of its greenhouse-gas emissions compared with 32% inAmerica as a whole. The state wants to ratchet down emissions limits on new vehicles, beginning in 2009. Mr. Schwarzenegger has also ordered that, by 2020, vehicle fuel must produce 10% less carbon: in the production as well as the burning, so a simple switch to corn-based ethanol is probably out. Thanks in part toCalifornia’ s example, most of the western states have adopted climate action plans. When it comes to setting emission targets, the scene can resemble a posedown at a Mr. Olympia contest.Arizona’s climate-change scholars decided to set a target of cutting the state’s emissions to 2000 levels by 2020.But Janet Napolitano, the governor, was determined not to be out-muscled byCaliforni A、She has declared thatArizona will try to return to 2000 emission levels by 2012. California has not just inspired other states; it has created a vanguard that ought to be able to prod the federal government into stronger national standards than it would otherwise consider.ButCalifornia is finding it easier to export its policies than to put them into practice at home. In one way,California’ s self-confidence is fully justifieD、It has done more than any other state—let alone the federal government—to fixAmerica’s attention on climate change. It has also made it seem as though the problem can be solveD、Which is why failure would be such bad news.At the momentCalifornia is a beacon to other states. If it fails, it will become an excuse for inaction. According to the author, Mr.Arnold Schwarzenegger is cheerful chiefly because [A] climate change is not worryingCalifornia anymore. [B] even film stars become serious about environmental protection. [C] he has benefited personally fromCalifornia’s achievements. [D] his style of administration is always dominated by self-satisfaction.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题：企业外部环境分析中，对高新技术及高新技术产业化发展趋势进行的调查研究是 ( )。 A．文化环境分析 B．技术环境分析 C．资源环境分析 D．科技环境分析

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题：One of the most eminent of psychologists,Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two "behavior segments" in some novel way, never actually performed before so as to reach a goal. Two followers ofClark Hull, Howard and Tracey Kendler, (1) a test for children that was explicitly based onClark Hull’s principles. The children were given the (2) of learning to operate a machine so as to get a toy. In order to succeed they had to go through a two-stage (3) . The children were trained on each stage (4) . The stages consisted merely of pressing the correct one of two buttons to get a marble; and of (5) the marble into a small hole to release the toy. The Kendlers found that the children could learn the separate bits readily enough. (6) the task of getting a marble by pressing the button they could get the marble; given the task of getting a toy when a marble was handed to them, they could use the marble.All they had to do was put it in a hole.) (7) they did not for the most part "integrate", to use the Kendlers’ terminology. They did not press the button to get the marble and then (8) without further help to use the marble to get the toy. So the Kendlers concluded that they were incapable of deductive (9) . The mystery at first appears to deepen when we learn, from (10) psychologist, MichaelCole, and his colleagues, that adults in anAfrican culture apparently cannot do the Kendlers’ task either.But it lessens, (11) , when we learn that a task was devised which was (12) to the Kendlers’ one but much easier for theAfrican males to handle. (13) the button-pressing machine,Cole used a locked box and two (14) colored match-boxes, one of which contained a key that would open the box. Notice that there are still two (15) segments—"open the right matchbox to get the key" and "use the key to open the box"—so the task seems formally to be (16) .But psychologically it is quite different. Now the subject is dealing not with a strange machine but with familiar meaningful objects; and it is clear to him what he is meant to do. It then (17) that the difficulty of integration is greatly reduceD、 Recent work by Simon Hewson is of great interest here for it shows that, for young children, (18) , the difficulty lies not in the (19) processes which the task demands, but in certain perplexing features of the apparatus and the procedure. When these are changed in ways which do not at all affect the inferential nature of the problem, then five-year-old children solve the problem (20) college students did in the Kendlers’ own experiments. A．manner B．behavior C．deed D．activity

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题： 一个企业若要识别其竞争者，通常可从以下( )方面进行。 A．产业和市场 B．分销渠道 C．目标和战略 D．利润

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、originsB、devices C、sources D、evidences

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第10题：September 11 should have driven home a basic lesson for theBush administration about life in an interconnected world: misery abroad threatens security at home. It is no coincidence that OsamaBin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban’sAfghanistan, whose citizens were among the most impoverished and oppressed on earth. If the administration took this lesson seriously, it would dump the rules of realpolitik that have governed U.S. foreign aid policy for 50 years. Instead, it is pouring money into an ally of convenience, Pakistan, which is ultimately likely to expand the ranks of anti-American terrorists abroaD、 To enlist Pakistan in the fight against the Taliban, theBush administration resurrected theCold War tradition of propping up despotic military regimes in the name of peace and freedom. Its commitment of billions of dollars to Pakistan since September 11 will further entrench the sort of government that has made Pakistan both a development failure and a geopolitical hotspot for decades. Within Pakistan, the aid may ultimately create enough angry young men to make upA1 Qaeda’s losses inAfghanistan. In SouthAsia as a whole, the cash infusion may accelerate a dangerous arms race with Indi A、 Historically, the U.S. government has cloaked aid to allies such as Pakistan in the rhetoric of economic development.As aCold War ally, Pakistan received some $ 37 billion in grants and loans from the West between 1960 and 1990, adjusting for inflation.And since September 11, the U.S. administration has promised more of the’ same. It has dropped sanctions imposed after Pakistan detonated a nuclear bomb in 1998, pushed through a $1.3 billion IMF loan for Pakistan, and called for another $2 billion from the WorldBank and theAsianDevelopmentBank. TheBush administration is also, ironically, pressing allies to join it in canceling or rescheduling billions of dollars of old (and failed) loans that were granted in past decades in response to similar arm-twisting. Despite--even because of--all this aid, Pakistan is now one of the most indebted, impoverished, militarized nations on earth. The causes of Pakistan’s poverty are sadly familiar. The government ignored family planning, leading to population expansion from 50 million in 1960 to nearly 150 million today, for an average growth rate of 2.6 percent a year. Foreign aid meant to pave rural roads went into unneeded city highways--or pockets of top officials.And the military grew large, goaded by a regional rivalry with India that has three times bubbled into war. The result is a government that, as former WorldBank economist WilliamEasterly has observed, "cannot bring off a simple and cheap measles (麻疹) vaccination (预防接种) program, and yet...can build nuclear weapons.\ The author’s purpose of writing this article is to ______. A、search for the source of Pakistan’s poverty B、seek for the reason for terrorism C、criticize the realpolitik in U.S. foreign aid policy D、find a solution to the tension in SouthAsia

【单选题】： A     B     C     D