MBA考试

【单选题】It’s a cliche—but true—that a huge obstacle to a stronger economic recovery is the lack of confidence in a strong recovery. If consumers and businesses were more confident, they would be spending, hiring and lending more freely. Instead, we’re deluged with reports suggesting that, because the recession was so deep, it will take many years to regain anything like the pre-crisis prosperity. Just last week, for example, the McKinsey Global Institute released a study estimating that the country needs 21 million additional jobs by 2020 to reduce the unemployment rate to 5 percent. The study was skeptical that this would happen. Pessimism and slow growth become a vicious cycle.
Battered confidence most obviously reflects the ferocity and shock of the financial collapse and the ensuing recession, including the devastating housing collapse.But there’s another, less appreciated cause: disillusion with modern economics. Probably without realizing it, mostAmericans had accepted the fundamental promises of contemporary economics. These were: First, we know enough to prevent another GreatDepression; second, although we can’t prevent every recession, we know enough to ensure sustained and, for the most part, strong recoveries. These propositions, endorsed by most economists, had worked themselves into society’s belief structure.
Embracing them does not preclude economic disappointments, setbacks, worries or risks.But for most people most of the time, it does preclude economic calamity. People felt protecteD、If you stop believing them, then you act differently. You begin shielding yourself, as best you can, against circumstances and dangers that you can’t foresee but that you fear are there. You become more cautious. You hesitate more before making a big commitment-buying a home or car, if you’re a consumer; hiring workers, if you’re an employer; starting a new business, if you’re an entrepreneur; or making loans, if you’re a banker.Almost everyone is hunkered down in some way.
One disturbing fact from the McKinsey report is this: The number of new businesses, a traditional source of jobs, was down 23 percent in 9,010 from 2007; the level was the lowest since 1983, whenAmerica had about 75 million fewer people. Large corporations are standoffish. They have about $2 trillion of cash and securities on their balance sheets, which could be used for hiring and investing in new products.
It’s not that economics achieved nothing. The emergency measures thrown at the crisis in many countries exceptionally low interest rates, "stimulus" programs of extra spending and tax cuts—probably averted anotherDepression.But it’s also true that there’s now no consensus among economists as to how to strengthen the recovery.Economists suffer from what one of them calls "the pretense-of-knowledge syndrome." They act as if they understand more than they do and presume that their policies, whether of the left or right, have benefits more predictable than they actually are. It’s worth remembering that the recovery’s present slowdown is occurring despite measures taken to speed it up.
So modern economics has been oversold, and the public is now disbelieving. The disillusion feeds stubbornly low confidence.
The "pretense-of-knowledge syndrome" refers to
[A] the belief of economists about bow economic things work.
[B] the illness that is damaging the health of today’s economy.
[C] the consensus that there is no quick fix for economic recession.
[D] the ineffective measures taken to correct the economic crisis.
网考网参考答案：A
网考网解析：
早在第二段作者就批评了当代经济学的一些理论，因为它们认为我们知道如何避免经济危机，如何保持经济的持续繁荣。在倒数第二段，作者再次提到当代经济学理论的一些缺陷，在作者看来，经济学家们过高地看待了自己的经济知识，过高地指望他们采取的经济措施所产生的效果。因此作者在最后一段指出，modern economics has been oversold，这里oversell原意为“出售过多”，这里意为“过分吹嘘”，也就是说，经济学家夸大了经济学理论所能产生的效果。这种现象被称作the pretense-of-knowledge syndrome，这里knowledge指经济学家们认为自己知道经济如何运转。 document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>