| MBA每日一练（2019/6/28） |
| 第1题：One of the most eminent of psychologists,Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two ’behavior segments’ in some novel way, never actually performed before, so as to reach a goal. Two followers ofClark Hull, Howard and Tracey Kendler, (21) a test for children that was explicitly based onClark Hull’s principles. The children were given the (22) of learning to operate a machine so as to get a toy. In order to succeed they had to go through a two-stage (23) . The children were trained on each stage (24) . The stages consisted merely of pressing the correct one of two buttons to get a marble; and of (25) the marble into a small hole to release the toy. The Kendlers found that the children could learn the separate bits readily enough. (26) the task of getting a marble by pressing the button they could get the marble; given the task of getting a toy when a marble was handed to them, they could use the marble.All they had to do was put it in a hole.) (27) they did not for the most part ’integrate’, to use the Kendlers’ terminology. They did not press the button to get the marble and then (28) without further help to use the marble to get the toy. So the Kendlers concluded that they were incapable of deductive (29) . The mystery at first appears to deepen when we learn, from (30) psychologist, MichaelCole, and his colleagues, that adults in anAfrican culture apparently cannot do the Kendlers’ task either.But it lessens, (31) when we learn that a task was devised which was (32) to the Kendlers’ one but much easier for theAfrican males to handle. (33) the button-pressing machine,Cole used a locked box and two (34) colored match-boxes, one of which contained a key that would open the box. Notice that there are still two (35) segments--"open the right matchbox to get the key" and "use the key to open the box"--so the task seems formally to be (36) But psychologically it is quite different. Now the subject is dealing not with a strange machine but with familiar meaningful objects; and it is clear to him what he is meant to do. It then (37) that the difficulty of integration is greatly reduceD、 Recent work by Simon Hewson is of great interest here for it shows that, for young children, (38) , the difficulty lies not in the (39) processes which the task demands, but in certain perplexing features of the apparatus and the procedure. When these are changed in ways which do not at all affect the inferential nature of the problem, then five-year-old children solve the problem (40) college students did in the Kendlers’ own experiments. A、devisedB、made C、didD、produced |
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| 第2题：TheAfricans’ interest is to guard preferential export rules enshrined in the temporaryAfrican Growth and OpportunityAct, passed byCongress in 2,000. Tariff-free exports of some 6,000 goods fromAfrica to the United States are boosting trade and investment in southernAfric A、Lesotho’s fast-growing textile industry depends almost entirely onChinese investment in factories to make clothes for sale in the United States. The region also wants more access toAmerica’s markets for fruit, beef and other agricultural goods. American interest lies mainly in SouthAfrica, by far the largest economy in the region. Services account for 60% of its GDP, and it increasingly dominates the rest ofAfrica in banking, information technology, telecom, retail’ and other areas. Just asBritish banks, such asBarclays, have moved theirAfrican headquarters to SouthAfrica over the past year,American investors see the country as a platform to the rest of the continent. Agreeing investment rules and resolving differences on intellectual property rights are the most urgent issues.American drug firms want to be part of the fast expansion in SouthAfrica of production of anti-retroviral drugs, used againstAIDS.By 2007 SouthAfrica alone expects 1.2m patients to take the drugs daily. The country might be the world’s biggest exporter of anti-AIDS drugs within a few years. Striking a bilateral deal now should makeAmerican investments easier. But Mr. Zoellick’s greater concern is for multilateral trade talks that stalled inCancun, Mexico, in September.AlecErwin, his SouthAfrican counterpart, helped to organize the G20 group of poor and middle-income countries that opposed jointAmerican-EU proposals there; he is widely tipped to take over as head of the World Trade Organization late next year, and would be a useful ally. So Mr. Zoellick is trying to charm hisAfrican partner by agreeing to drop support for most of a group of issues (known as "Singapore" issues) that jammed up the talks atCancun, and were opposed by poor countries; he says he also favors abolishing export subsidies inAmerica--though only if Japan and theEU agree to do the same. That would pleaseAfrican exporters who say such subsidies destroy markets for their goods. Mr. Zoellick’s efforts to make more friends may be paying off.Even thoughAmerica has treatedAfrica very shabbily on trade in the past, Mr.Erwin hints it is easier doing business withAmerica than withEurope or Japan. A、small sign, but perhaps a telling one. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______. A、6,000 goods fromAfrica are tariff-free toAmerican countries B、preferential export rules are interesting to southernAfricans C、most clothes found in the U.S. are actually made byChinese D、Lesotho is willing to export more agricultural goods to the U.S. |
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| 第3题： 【真题试题】 （2007年多项选择第57题）
如果在多个备选投资方案中只能选择一个，可以采用的决策办法有（ ）。
A．净现值法 B．现值指数法 C．内含报酬率法 D．平均报酬率法 |
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| 第4题：{{B}}练习十六{{/B}} The most important reason why NewCoke was rejected was the emotional relationship that existed between drinkers and the old soft drink formula,DrinkingCoca-Cola had become a tradition for many people over its 99 years of existence. The change made by the company was not only inCoke’s formula but also in the traditional values and memories that it represented to the drinkers. "We had taken away more than the productCoca-ColA、We had taken away a little part of them and their past". The drinkers rejected this "improvement" because "they believed thatCoke stood for traditional value,…so they felt betrayed when the product changed completely overnight". Although a lot of research was done byCoca-Cola company, it didn’t show the depth of drinkers’ emotion for the product. The studies took many forms, but none of the tests was able to measure the degree of personal and emotional reactions caused by the disappearance of the old, traditionalCoca-ColA、The weakness of the research was that it was mainly quantitative in form. The result was only numbers that could not show the deep meaning the product had for many people.A、more extensive study focusing on the qualitative aspects of the change would perhaps have been able to demonstrate the close relationship existing between drinkers and product. |
| 第5题：企业进行短期经营决策分析时( )。 A．无须考虑货币的时间价值 B．必须考虑货币的时间价值 C．投资额较大时应考虑货币的时间价值 D．除物资采购投资之外的短期经营决策都要考虑货币的时间价值 |
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| 第6题：解题说明 本大题要求判断所给出的条件能否充分支持题干中陈述的结论。阅读条件(1)和条件(2)后选择： A、条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分 B、条件(2)充分，但条件(1)不充分 C、条件(1)和条件(2)单独都不充分，但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分 D、条件(1)充分，但条件(2)也充分 E、条件(1)和条件(2)单独都不充分，条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分 已知甲桶中有A农药50L，乙桶中有A农药40L，则两桶农药混合，可以配成农药浓度为40%的溶液。 (1)甲桶中A农药的浓度为20%，乙桶中A农药的浓度为65% (2)甲桶中A农药的浓度为30%，乙桶中A农药的浓度为52.5% |
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| 第7题：Have you ever wondered what our future is like Practically all people (1) a desire to predict their future (2) . Most people seem inclined to (3) this task using causal reasoning. First we (4) recognize that future circumstances are (5) caused or conditioned by present ones. We learn that getting an education will (6) how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy (7) with a shark. Second, people also learn that such (8) of cause and effect are probabilistic (可能的) in nature. That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are (9) but not always. Thus, students learn that studying hard (10) good grades in most instances, but not every time. Science makes these concepts of causality and probability more (11) and provides techniques for dealing (12) then more accurately than does causal human inquiry. In looking at ordinary human inquiry, we need to (13) between prediction and understanding. Often, even if we don’t understand why, we are willing to act (14) the basis of a demonstrated predictive ability. Whatever the primitive drives (15) motivate human beings, satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to (16) future circumstances. The attempt to predict is often played in a (17) of knowledge and understanding. If you can understand why certain regular patterns (18) , you can predict better than if you simply observe those patterns. Thus, human inquiry aims (19) answering both "what" and "why" question, and we pursue these (20) by observing and figuring out. A、for B、at C、in D、with |
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| 第8题：Riothamus，这位5世纪的不列颠国王和哥特人勇敢作战，但因被副将出卖而失败，最后神秘地消失了。Riothamus的行为，并且也只有他的行为与亚瑟王的行为几乎完全吻合。因此，Riothamus一定是传奇中的亚瑟王的历史原型。 以上论述至少还需要一个前提，以下哪个能够成为这样一个前提 A．现代历史学家考证了Riothamus的行为不比5世纪任何国王的行为都更卓越。 B．亚瑟王的故事并不是完全虚构的，而是有历史人物和历史事件作为基础的。 C．Riothamus的副将是最初的亚瑟王传说的作者。 D．关于5世纪的传说通常润饰了5世纪贵族生活的真实情况，增加了它的浪漫色彩。 E．后人对历史事件的记忆总是不如对建立在引起真实事件上的传说的记忆准确持久。 |
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第9题：戴尔(DELL)的电脑直销模式属( )。
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| 第10题： A、条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分． B．条件(2)充分，但条件(1)不充分． C．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分． D．条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分． E．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分． [*] (1)[*] (2)[*] |
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