MBA每日一练（2019/7/2）

第1题： 下列叙述中，错误的是( )。 A．企业可以自行确定具体的折旧年限 B．运输设备可实行快速折旧 C．折旧方式和折旧年限一经确定不得随意改变 D．企业可按一定比例计提大修理基金

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、entertainmentB、luxuryC、survival D、adaptation

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：英国纽克大学和曼彻斯特大学考古人员在北约克郡的斯塔卡发现一处有一万多年历史的人类房屋遗迹。测年结果显示，它为一个高约3.5米的木质圆形小屋，存在于公元前8500年，比之前发现的英国最古老房屋至少早500年。考古人员还在附近发现一个木头平台和一个保存完好的大树树干。此外他们还发现了经过加工的鹿角饰品，这说明当时的人已经有了一些仪式性的活动。 以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述观点 A．木头平台是人类建造小木屋的工作场所。 B．当时的英国人已经有了相对稳定的住址，而不是之前认为的居无定所的游猎者。 C．人类是群居动物，附近还有更多的木屋等待发掘。 D．人类在一万多年前就已经在约克郡附近进行农耕活动。 E．只有举行仪式性的活动，才会出现经过加工的鹿角饰品。

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第4题：In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallengeD、An example is JohannaBachofen’s 1861 treatise onAmazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece., Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact,Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources toAmazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs-societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek "historian" of the fifth century B、C、, who speaks of anAmazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A、woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle. Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematiC、If one begins by examining why ancients refer toAmazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact--realAmazonian societies--but rather to offer "moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women’ rule in their own society. TheAmazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as those of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek practices. Thus, I would argue, the purpose of accounts of theAmazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about theAmazons were used as arguments for the male-dominated status quoin, in which groups composed exclusively of other sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society.Bachofen was thus misled in this reliance on myths for information about the status of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills, and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths. The following problems are thought to be connected with the Sources for knowledge of premodern culturesEXCEPT ______. A、partial completeness B、restricted accessibility C、limited quantityD、difficulty of interpretation

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：成等比数列三个数的和为正常数K,求这三个数乘积的最小值

【分析题】：

第6题： A、条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分。 B．条件(2)充分，但条件(1)不充分。 C．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分。 D．条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分。 E．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分。 等比数列{an}的公比为q，则q＞1． (1)对于任意正整数n，都有an+1>an；(2)a1＞0．

【分析题】：

第7题：September 11 should have driven home a basic lesson for theBush administration about life in an interconnected world: misery abroad threatens security at home. It is no coincidence that OsamaBin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban’sAfghanistan, whose citizens were among the most impoverished and oppressed on earth. If the administration took this lesson seriously, it would dump the rules of realpolitik that have governed U.S. foreign aid policy for 50 years. Instead, it is pouring money into an ally of convenience, Pakistan, which is ultimately likely to expand the ranks of anti-American terrorists abroaD、 To enlist Pakistan in the fight against the Taliban, theBush administration resurrected theCold War tradition of propping up despotic military regimes in the name of peace and freedom. Its commitment of billions of dollars to Pakistan since September 11 will further entrench the sort of government that has made Pakistan both a development failure and a geopolitical hotspot for decades. Within Pakistan, the aid may ultimately create enough angry young men to make upA1 Qaeda’s losses inAfghanistan. In SouthAsia as a whole, the cash infusion may accelerate a dangerous arms race with Indi A、 Historically, the U.S. government has cloaked aid to allies such as Pakistan in the rhetoric of economic development.As aCold War ally, Pakistan received some $ 37 billion in grants and loans from the West between 1960 and 1990, adjusting for inflation.And since September 11, the U.S. administration has promised more of the’ same. It has dropped sanctions imposed after Pakistan detonated a nuclear bomb in 1998, pushed through a $1.3 billion IMF loan for Pakistan, and called for another $2 billion from the WorldBank and theAsianDevelopmentBank. TheBush administration is also, ironically, pressing allies to join it in canceling or rescheduling billions of dollars of old (and failed) loans that were granted in past decades in response to similar arm-twisting. Despite--even because of--all this aid, Pakistan is now one of the most indebted, impoverished, militarized nations on earth. The causes of Pakistan’s poverty are sadly familiar. The government ignored family planning, leading to population expansion from 50 million in 1960 to nearly 150 million today, for an average growth rate of 2.6 percent a year. Foreign aid meant to pave rural roads went into unneeded city highways--or pockets of top officials.And the military grew large, goaded by a regional rivalry with India that has three times bubbled into war. The result is a government that, as former WorldBank economist WilliamEasterly has observed, "cannot bring off a simple and cheap measles (麻疹) vaccination (预防接种) program, and yet...can build nuclear weapons.\ America supports the military regime in Pakistan in order to ______. A、control the government of Pakistan B、get the natural resources of Pakistan C、keep peace and freedom D、draw the support of Pakistan in fighting against Taliban

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题：During the past 15 years, the most important component of executive pay packages, and the one most responsible for the large increase in the level of such compensation, has been stock-option grants. The increased use of option grants was justified as a way to align executives’ interests with shareholders’. For various tax, accounting, and regulatory reasons, stock-option grants have largely comprised " at-the-money options", rights to purchase shares at an "exercise price" equal to the company’s stock price on the grant date. In such at-the-money options, the selection of the grant date for awarding options determines the options’ exercise price and thus can have a significant effect on their value. Earlier research by financial economists on backdating practices focused on the extent to which the company’s stock price went up abnormally after the grant date. My colleagues and I focused instead on how a grant-date’s price ranked in the distribution of stock prices during the month of the grant. Studying the universe of about 19,000 at-the-money, unscheduled grants awarded to public companies’CEOs during the decade 1996-2005, we found a clear relation between the likelihood of a day’s being selected as a grant date for awarding options, and the rank of the day’s stock price within the price distribution of the month: a day was most likely to be chosen if the stock price was at the lowest level of the month, second most likely to be chosen if the price was at the second-lowest level, and so forth. There is an especially large incidence of "lucky grants" ( defined as grants awarded on days on which the stock price was at the lowest level of the month) : 12 percent of allCEO option grants were lucky grants, while only 4 percent were awarded at the highest price of the month. The passage of the Sarbanes-OxleyAct inAugust 2002 required firms to report grants within two days of any awarD、Most firms complied with this requirement, but more than 20 percent of grants continued to be reported after a long delay. Thus, the legislation could be expected to reduce but not eliminate backdating. The patterns ofCEO luck are consistent with this expectation: the percentage of grants that were lucky was a high 15 percent before enactment of the law, and declined to a lower, but still abnormally high, level of 8 percent afterwards. Altogether, we estimate that about 1,150CEO stock-option grants owed their financially advantageous status to opportunistic timing rather than to mere luck. This practice was spread over a significant number ofCEOs and firms: we estimate that about 850CEOs (about 10 percent) and about 720 firms (about 12 percent) received or provided such lucky grants. In addition, we estimate that about 550 additional grants at the second-lowest or third-lowest price of the month owed their status to opportunistic timing. The cases that have come under scrutiny thus far have led to a widespread impression that opportunistic timing has been primarily concentrated in " new economy" firms.But while the frequency of lucky grants has been somewhat higher in such firms, more than 80 percent of the opportunistically timed grants have been awarded in other sectors. Indeed, there is a significantly higher-than-normal incidence of lucky grants in each of the economy’s 12 industries. The main purpose of the author’s study is to find out [A] how the company’s stock price went up after the grant date. [B] how stock price distribution influence the rank of granted price. [C] how backdating practices influence the value of stock shares. [D] how the granted price ranked in the month of the grant.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题：The molecules of carbon dioxide in theEarth’s atmosphere affect the heat balance of theEarth by acting as a one-way screen. (1) these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concerned, to pass (2) , they absorb some of the longer-wave-length, infrared emissions radiated from theEarth’s surface, radiation that would (3) be transmitted back into space. For theEarth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions from the planet must (4) incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would (5) from theEarth much more easily. Today, (6) , the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide.Could the increase in carbon dioxide (7) a global rise in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious (8) for human society Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a function of the increase (9) ;that the (10) is probably yes. One mathematical model (11) that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5℃. This model assumes that the atmosphere’s relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a (12) of 6.5℃ per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another (13) absorber or radiation at infrared wavelengths.Because warm air can hold more (14) than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant (15) the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases (16) the temperature rises. (17) , more infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated (18) to theEarth’s surface. The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, (19) theEarth’s reflectivity. More solar radiation would be absorbed, (20) to a further increase in temperature. [A] back [B] off[C] on [D] in

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第10题： A、条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分． B．条件(2)充分，但条件(1)不充分． C．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分． D．条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分． E．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分． (1)a，x，b，2x是等差数列中相邻的4项 (2)a，x，b，2x是等比数列中相邻的4项

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E