MBA每日一练（2019/7/22）

第1题：When theAmerican economy was running full tilt two years ago, few places were as breathlessly delighted as Seattle. Its port was thronged with ships bringing goods fromAsi A、TheBoeingCompany could barely keep up with demand for its airliners. Microsoft was hiring hordes of software engineers.After each rain shower, another Internet millionaire sprang up. Here was a city that had it all--OldEconomy, NewEconomy, Not-Yet-InventedEconomy. Now it has all gone sour. The past 12 months have been a non-stop succession of disappointments.Boeing’s headquarters decamped toChicago. The Internet economy popped alike a balloon in a nail factory, taking with it once promising local ventures such as Homegrocer.com and leaving can’t-possibly-miss companies such as drugstore.com barely hanging on.And an already troubledBoeing was hit even harder after September 11th both by a steep drop in airliner orders and by losing a $ 200 billion Joint Strike Fighter contract to Lockheed Martin. Washington State, battered by what is happening in Seattle, now has the highest unemployment rate in the United States--6.6% compared with 5.4% in the country as a whole. Right behind it is next-door Oregon, another former boom state, with 6.5% of its workforce out of a job, the country’s second worst figure. In Oregon, manufacturing’s collapse has caused the loss of nearly 30,000 jobs in a year, those hit range from Freightliner, a maker of heavy lorries, to high-tech companies such as Intel and Fujitsu. What makes the current plunge so painful is that every part of the economy seems to have stepped into an open manhole at the same time. Three years ago, whenBoeing began to remove more than 20,000 people thatBoeing expects to lay off by the middle of 2002 have to compete with unemployed workers not just from the high-tech industry but from construction work and even the retail sector. Portland now has more jobless than the other parts of Oregon: the opposite of how things were years ago. Even worse, the Pacific north west’s downturn, as well as being deeper than the rest of the country, may also last longer. One reason for fearing this isBoeing’s continuing woes. NowadaysBoeing accounts for less than 5% of employment in the Seattle area, down from 9% two decades ago.But it remains the foundation on which the rest is built. Its network of suppliers and subcontractors gives it a far stronger multiplier effect than, say, Microsoft, which is more an island of prosperity than a center of weB、The chances are thatBoeing will not really bounce back until the assumed revival in air travel persuades airline companies to start buying plenty of aircraft again.And that may not be until 2003. What is special about this economic downturn in Seattle A、All sectors have entered recession at the same time. B、The lay-off workers have found jobs elsewhere. C、The OldEconomy is hit harder than other economies. D、The low employment rate will last longer than in Oregon.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：S is a set of integers such that i) if a is in S. then -a is in S, and ii) if each of n and b is in S, then ab is in S. Is -4 in S (1)1 is in S. (2)2 is in S. A．条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分． B．条件(2)充分，但条件(1)不充分． C．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分． D．条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分． E．条件(1)和条件(2)单独都不充分，条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分．

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第3题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、farB、furtherC、fartherD、furthest

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题：如何理解抓大放小?

【分析题】：

第5题： (2008，8)下列有关个人独资企业特点的表述，错误的是( )。 A．结构简单、管理灵活、易于保护商业秘密 B．法律限制严格，政府管制较多 C．出资人拥有绝对决策权 D．企业寿命不稳定

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题：The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U.S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization.Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age.According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century. OlderAmericans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U.S.CensusBureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020.During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U.S. economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely. Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement.Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits. Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much olderAmericans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement.According to the increase in 401 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations. The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older worker.Among the report’s recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers. When mentioning "the ongoing stock market on Wall Street", the author______. A、is calling attention to the privileges to which baby-boomers are entitled B、is calling for the government to take countermeasures against labor shortage C、is refuting a notion about experienced workers’ early retirement D、is justifying the ineffectiveness of federal tax and benefit policies

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题：September 11 should have driven home a basic lesson for theBush administration about life in an interconnected world: misery abroad threatens security at home. It is no coincidence that OsamaBin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban’sAfghanistan, whose citizens were among the most impoverished and oppressed on earth. If the administration took this lesson seriously, it would dump the rules of realpolitik that have governed U.S. foreign aid policy for 50 years. Instead, it is pouring money into an ally of convenience, Pakistan, which is ultimately likely to expand the ranks of anti-American terrorists abroaD、 To enlist Pakistan in the fight against the Taliban, theBush administration resurrected theCold War tradition of propping up despotic military regimes in the name of peace and freedom. Its commitment of billions of dollars to Pakistan since September 11 will further entrench the sort of government that has made Pakistan both a development failure and a geopolitical hotspot for decades. Within Pakistan, the aid may ultimately create enough angry young men to make upA1 Qaeda’s losses inAfghanistan. In SouthAsia as a whole, the cash infusion may accelerate a dangerous arms race with Indi A、 Historically, the U.S. government has cloaked aid to allies such as Pakistan in the rhetoric of economic development.As aCold War ally, Pakistan received some $ 37 billion in grants and loans from the West between 1960 and 1990, adjusting for inflation.And since September 11, the U.S. administration has promised more of the’ same. It has dropped sanctions imposed after Pakistan detonated a nuclear bomb in 1998, pushed through a $1.3 billion IMF loan for Pakistan, and called for another $2 billion from the WorldBank and theAsianDevelopmentBank. TheBush administration is also, ironically, pressing allies to join it in canceling or rescheduling billions of dollars of old (and failed) loans that were granted in past decades in response to similar arm-twisting. Despite--even because of--all this aid, Pakistan is now one of the most indebted, impoverished, militarized nations on earth. The causes of Pakistan’s poverty are sadly familiar. The government ignored family planning, leading to population expansion from 50 million in 1960 to nearly 150 million today, for an average growth rate of 2.6 percent a year. Foreign aid meant to pave rural roads went into unneeded city highways--or pockets of top officials.And the military grew large, goaded by a regional rivalry with India that has three times bubbled into war. The result is a government that, as former WorldBank economist WilliamEasterly has observed, "cannot bring off a simple and cheap measles (麻疹) vaccination (预防接种) program, and yet...can build nuclear weapons.\ The author’s purpose of writing this article is to ______. A、search for the source of Pakistan’s poverty B、seek for the reason for terrorism C、criticize the realpolitik in U.S. foreign aid policy D、find a solution to the tension in SouthAsia

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题：《安全生产法》经九届人大常委会审议通过，已于( )正式施行。 A．2002年1月1日 B．2002年11月1日 C．2002年12月1日 D．2003年1月1日

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题：The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years. No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off.At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending. But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The MoralConsequences ofEconomic Growth, the economic historianBenjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U. S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes. Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them-- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist atColumbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behinD、 In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden withinAmerican society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’ s character. In many respects, the U. S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabriC、But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extenD、 By saying "to find silver linings" ( Par A、2) the author suggests that the jobless try to ______. A、seek subsidies from the government B．make profits from the troubled economy C．explore reasons for the unemployment D．look on the bright side of the recession

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第10题：用于供方保证在生产和安装阶段符合规定要求，对质量保证的要求较全的标准是( )。 A．GB/T19001—ISO 9001 B．GB/T19002—ISO 9002 C．GB/T19003—ISO 9003 D．GB/T 19000.1—ISO 9000—1

【单选题】： A     B     C     D