MBA每日一练（2019/7/30）

第1题：下面关于不同类型产品的描述正确的是：( )。 A．金牛产品的市场销售增长率高、相对市场占有率低 B．明星产品业务增长率高，相对市场占有率也较高 C．问题产品是市场占有率和销售增长率都低的产品 D．瘦狗产品是市场占有率较高，但销售增长率都低的产品

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题： 丙公司的组织机构形式是（）。 A．直线制 B．职能制 C．直线－职能制 D．矩阵管理制

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in NorthAmerica enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on.At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world’s people; yet we consume one-third of the world’s resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter.But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources. AsAmericans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world’s resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine’ the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumeD、If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanceD、But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn’t make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today,Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we’re going to have to answer, whether we’re trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world’s resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the worlD、It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them. According to the passage, it has long been believed that ______. A、people in poor countries scarcely know how to enjoy a high standard of living B、the world’s resources being limited, people in underdeveloped countries are bound to live a poor life C、mostAmericans know that the world’s resources of many kinds are becoming scarce D、it is impossible for all the people in the world to improve their living standards

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题： A、条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分． B．条件(2)充分，但条件(1)不充分． C．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分． D．条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分． E．条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分． A＜1． [*]

【分析题】：

第5题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、but B、andC、whileD、thus

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、serve B、act C、play D、commit

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题：Text 2 They are said to be reluctant to forsake the pleasures of single life.But nothing could be further from the truth;British women are much more attached to marriage than theirEuropean counterparts, around 95.1 percent ofBritish women have married at least once by age 49, the highest figure in theEuropean Union. Only 91.2 percent ofBritish men have walked up the aisle by the same age. Meanwhile, the much discussed trend for delaying marriage until later in life--blamed on career women reluctant to have children--may actually reflect a return to the historical norm. The average age of first marriage inEurope 200 years ago was 28, the same asBritish brides in 1998, according to a paper for the National Family and Parenting Institute, the independent thinktank set up by Jack Straw to advise on family issues. "The public conversation about marriage has often been conducted in an atmosphere fraught with anxiety that can easily tip over into what commentators have described as a moral panic," the report, comparingEuropean trends in marriage, adds. "Changes in the marriage rate and in the way people form relationships are part and parcel of a society where change is rapid and individuals feel helpless in the face of new developments; yet it is vital that these issues can be discussed without blame." The paper does not include divorce rates. In 1997Britain had the highest divorce rate inEurope, although by 1999 the rate had fallen to the level of the late 1980s. Despite much political consternation about the family, the report suggestsBritish attitudes are more socially conservative than those of manyEU counterparts. Nine out of 10 couples inBritain living with their children are married, compared to half in FinlanD、And while cohabiting is becoming the norm forEuropean twentysomethings, "change has happened much more rapidly across the whole of theEU than in the UK", the report finds.Around a third ofBritish under-thirties live with a partner, but it is closer to half in France and 40 per cent in Germany. "This report is about let’s bring a cool head to this debate," said Gill Keep, head of policy at the institute. "It is much easier to take the panic out of the discussion if you look at it in a comparative way; things that you think are destroying your own society are actually common trends and they may not be that destructive." She said that despite anxiety over later marriages--the average age of first-time brides rose from 23 in the postwar period to 28 for women and 30 for men by 1999--historically this would have seemed normal. Social historianChristina Hardyment said that in the nineteenth century couples would not marry until they could afford to support a householD、"Women below the middle classes would always work in some capacity, mainly in domestic service, and it made sense to save; people think of kings and queens and nobility being married off at 12 but that was highly unusual," she saiD、 English marriage break-up is not discussed in the paper because of its low rate.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题：Current Group, a Germantown-based technology firm, has taken over an ordinary looking house inBethesda and turned it into a laboratory for smart-grid technology, the system the company believes will bring the nation’s electricity grids into the digital age. In the front yard stands a utility pole hooked up to a special transformer that connects the power lines to high-speed Internet. Hundreds of sensors attached to the lines monitor how power flows through the home. That information is then sent back to the utility company. The process lets a utility more efficiently manage the distribution of electricity by allowing two-way communication between consumers and energy suppliers via the broadband network on the power lines.Based on data they receive from hundreds of homes, utilities can monitor usage and adjust output and pricing in response to demanD、Consumers can be rewarded with reduced rates by cutting back on consumption during peak periods.And computerized substations can talk to each other so overloaded circuits hand off electricity to those that have not fully loaded, helping to prevent blackouts. Some utility companies have launched initiatives to give consumers data about their energy consumption habits in an effort to lower energy bills. Smart-grid technology takes such programs further by automating electricity distribution, which would make grids more reliable and efficient. By partnering with utilities, the company hopes to tap into $4.5 billion in stimulus grants intended to encourage smart-grid development. When he announced the funding, President Obama pointed to a project inBoulder,Colo. , as an example of a successful smart-grid experiment.Current is one of the companies working on the project. Current’s chief executive TomCasey believes the technology will help utility companies better distribute electricity produced by renewable resources, such as solar panels or wind farms. "A、smart grid’s system can be paired up with the renewable resources so that when the renewable source is varying, the overall load can be varied as well, "Casey told the House SelectCommittee onEnergy Independence and Global Warming. " This will reduce or eliminate the need for backup coal or gas-based power generation plants. \ What does the phrase " tap into " (Line 1. ParA、5)mean [A] To take advantage of the government money. [B] To organize a smooth money flow. [C] To spend money like water. [D] To absorb the money from shareholders.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题：许多企业深受目光短浅之害，他们太关注立竿见影的结果和短期目标，以至于无法高瞻远瞩，往往使企业陷于被动甚至导致破产。因此，企业领导层的决策和行动应该以长期目标为主，不需过分关注短期目标。 以下哪项如果为真，将最有力地削弱上述论证 A．短期目标对员工的激励效果比长期目标更好。 B．长期目标有较大的不确定性，短期目标易于控制。 C．长期目标的实现有赖于一个个短期目标的成功。 D．企业的短期目标和长期目标对于企业的发展都重要。 E．企业的发展受到企业外部环境等诸多因素的影响。

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第10题：不断提高的医疗技术会提升国民医疗开支(包括公费、医保开支)的总量。以新近的白内障手术为例。白内障是一种常见老年病。上个世纪的白内障手术有痛苦，有效性得不到保证。而现在的白内障手术由于其高技术含量，患者的视力在术后能奇迹般地迅速恢复，且手术费用较便宜。这两个因素使得白内障手术的数量剧增，这反过来提高了国民用于白内障手术的开支总量。 题干对白内障手术数量剧增的原因给出了一个解释，以下各项如果为真，都有助于解释白内障手术数量剧增的原因，除了 A．国民人口的数量不断增长 B．目前生态环境特别是空气质量的下降，导致白内障患者数量明显增多 C．随着医保制度的完善，使得许多白内障患者获得了以前不具备的手术条件 D．随着医疗知识的普及，越来越多的白内障患者了解了手术的重要性和必要性 E．白内障手术如果失败，则对患者视力的损害比白内障自身更为严重

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E