| MBA每日一练（2019/8/5） |
| 第1题： Cellphone users—that is to say, most of us—are {{U}} (11) {{/U}} instigators and victims of this form of conversational panhandling, and it {{U}} (12) {{/U}} a cumulatively negative effect on social space.As the sociologistErving Gotfman observed in another {{U}} (13) {{/U}} , there is something deeply disturbing about people who are " {{U}} (14) {{/U}} contact” in social situations because they are blatantly refusing to {{U}} (15) {{/U}} to the norms of their immediate environment. Placing a cellphone call in public instantly transforms the strangers around you {{U}} (16) {{/U}} unwilling listeners who must cede to your use of the public {{U}} (17) {{/U}} a decidedly undemocratic effect for so democratic a technology. Listeners don’t always passively {{U}} (18) {{/U}} this situation: in recent years, people have been pepper-sprayed in movie theaters, {{U}} (19) {{/U}} from concert halls and deliberately rammed with cars as a result of (20) behavior on their cellphones. |
| 第2题：In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallengeD、An example is JohannaBachofen’s 1861 treatise onAmazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece., Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact,Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources toAmazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs-societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek "historian" of the fifth century B、C、, who speaks of anAmazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A、woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle. Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematiC、If one begins by examining why ancients refer toAmazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact--realAmazonian societies--but rather to offer "moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women’ rule in their own society. TheAmazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as those of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek practices. Thus, I would argue, the purpose of accounts of theAmazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about theAmazons were used as arguments for the male-dominated status quoin, in which groups composed exclusively of other sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society.Bachofen was thus misled in this reliance on myths for information about the status of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills, and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths. The author suggests that the main reason for the persisting influence ofBachofen’s work is that ______. A、feminists have shown little interest in ancient societies B、Bachofen’s knowledge ofAmazonian culture is unparalleled C、reliable information about the ancient world is difficult to acquire D、historians have been primarily interested in the modern period |
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| 第3题： A、major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal (21) an are A、The size of the area is sufficient to provide food for him, his (22) and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, (23) up the best territory in the order of "first come, first (24) ." The late arrivals may acquire (25) territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the (26) of the enemies of the species. (27) there is really insufficient food or the danger is very great, the animal will not (28) . In this way, the members of the species which are less fit will not have offspring. When there is conflict (29) . territory, animals will commonly use force, or a (30) of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, however, that animals seem to use (31) the minimum amount of force (32) to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the (33) of those animals which are capable of doing each other great harm, (34) is a system for the losing animal to show the winning animals that he (35) to submit. When he shows this, the (36) normally stops fighting.Animals (especially birds), which can easily escape from conflict seem to have (37) obstacle against killing, and equally no mechanism (38) submission. The losing bird simply flies away. However, if two doves are (39) in a cage, and they start fighting, they will continue to fight until one kills the other. We all think of the dove as a symbol of peace and, in its natural habitat, it is peaceful.But the "peace" mechanism does not (40) in a cage. A、establishesB、buildsC、founds D、erects |
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| 第4题： 提供有关工作任务、职责信息，确定职务的具体特征的是( )。 A．职务说明 B．任职资格说明 C．职务条件说明 D．职务价值评价 |
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| 第5题：TheAfricans’ interest is to guard preferential export rules enshrined in the temporaryAfrican Growth and OpportunityAct, passed byCongress in 2,000. Tariff-free exports of some 6,000 goods fromAfrica to the United States are boosting trade and investment in southernAfric A、Lesotho’s fast-growing textile industry depends almost entirely onChinese investment in factories to make clothes for sale in the United States. The region also wants more access toAmerica’s markets for fruit, beef and other agricultural goods. American interest lies mainly in SouthAfrica, by far the largest economy in the region. Services account for 60% of its GDP, and it increasingly dominates the rest ofAfrica in banking, information technology, telecom, retail’ and other areas. Just asBritish banks, such asBarclays, have moved theirAfrican headquarters to SouthAfrica over the past year,American investors see the country as a platform to the rest of the continent. Agreeing investment rules and resolving differences on intellectual property rights are the most urgent issues.American drug firms want to be part of the fast expansion in SouthAfrica of production of anti-retroviral drugs, used againstAIDS.By 2007 SouthAfrica alone expects 1.2m patients to take the drugs daily. The country might be the world’s biggest exporter of anti-AIDS drugs within a few years. Striking a bilateral deal now should makeAmerican investments easier. But Mr. Zoellick’s greater concern is for multilateral trade talks that stalled inCancun, Mexico, in September.AlecErwin, his SouthAfrican counterpart, helped to organize the G20 group of poor and middle-income countries that opposed jointAmerican-EU proposals there; he is widely tipped to take over as head of the World Trade Organization late next year, and would be a useful ally. So Mr. Zoellick is trying to charm hisAfrican partner by agreeing to drop support for most of a group of issues (known as "Singapore" issues) that jammed up the talks atCancun, and were opposed by poor countries; he says he also favors abolishing export subsidies inAmerica--though only if Japan and theEU agree to do the same. That would pleaseAfrican exporters who say such subsidies destroy markets for their goods. Mr. Zoellick’s efforts to make more friends may be paying off.Even thoughAmerica has treatedAfrica very shabbily on trade in the past, Mr.Erwin hints it is easier doing business withAmerica than withEurope or Japan. A、small sign, but perhaps a telling one. British banks move their headquarters to SouthAfrica because ______. A、SouthAfrica is a safer country compared with others inAfrica B、SouthAfrica is gradually becoming a financial center inAfrica C、SouthAfrica offers preferential banking terms to foreign banks D、SouthAfrica is a platform inAfrica for theAmerican investors |
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| 第6题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、imaginationB、creativity C、necessity D、illusion |
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| 第7题：Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: Most. human beings actually decide before thee think When any human being--executive, specialized expert, or person in the street-encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly bas he or she explored me implications of the various courses of actionAnswer not very thoroughly, Very few people, no matter how intelligent, or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on bang decisive often try to do just thatAnd once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it A、very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the pat of the "losing" faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn’t end when the meeting endsAnger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the 4ecision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings There is a betterAs philosopherAldous Huxley saiD、"It isn’t who is right but what is riot, thatCounts" The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology the gap between experts anti executives is now being dramatically closeD、By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it’s possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argurnentation can never match The structured-inquiry proems introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer togetherAlthough it, isn’t possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen to on every intelligence analysis meeting, it’s possible to organize the experts information to give me decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble s marketing focus group; it’s a simple. remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions The structured-inquiry process can be useful for A、decision makers B．intelligence analysis meeting C．the experts information. D．marketing focus groups |
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| 第8题：[A] What to do as a student [B] Various definitions of plagiarism [C] Ideas should always be sourced [D] Ignorance can be forgiven [E] Plagiarism is equivalent to theft [F] The consequences of plagiarism [G]Acknowledgement should substitute plagiarism Scholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person’s ideas. In theEnglish-speaking world, the term plagiarism (抄袭) is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one’s ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is "the wrongful appropriation(盗用) or purloining(偷窃), and publication as one’s own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another. \ ______ The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion (开除) from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources. |
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| 第9题：【真题试题】（2008年单项选择第1题）
公司每年都会评比出十佳优秀员工，并给予奖励。这种做法属于（ ）。
A．目标激励法 B．环境激励法 C．榜样激励法 D．领导行为激励法 |
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| 第10题： 一般认为，基于系统科学、制造技术、管理科学和信息技术，利用分布式数据库和网络技术，把制造业内原先各自独立的分散的自动化设计、制造、经营管理等环节有机地集成于一体的综合系统，称为( )。 A．计算机辅助制造 B．企业资源计划 C．并行工程 D．现代集成制造系统 |
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