MBA每日一练（2019/9/5）

第1题：The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best, left unsaiD、The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the organization. Consider the novel view of HarveyColeman ofAtlanta on the subject of getting aheaD、Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes ofAT&T,Coca-Cola, and Merth.Coleman says that based on what he’s seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%, and exposure, a full 60%.Coleman concludes that excellent performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won’t secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high they are. Ridiculous beliefs Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, likeColeman, feel the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York-based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you’ll get ahead—that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion," she adds. "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down (使…不突出) their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight. According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best left unsaid" (Line 2, ParA、1) probably refers to "______". A、criticisms that shape everyone’s experience B、the opinions which contradict the established beliefs C、the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye D、the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：Text 1　　In an essay entitled “Making It inAmerica”, the authorAdamDavidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today, a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”　　Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.　　In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over.Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.　　Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will.But there’s been an aceleration.AsDavidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeareD、　There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services.But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.　　In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that everyAmerican has access to poet-high school education. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______ A、gains of technology have been erased B、job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed C．factories are making much less money than before D．new jobs and services have been offered

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、substituteB、compensateC、accountD、qualify

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题： A、life-style that apparently exists in all societies is marriage--a socially sanctioned union between a woman and a man with expectation that they will play the roles of wife and husbanD、After studying extensive cross-cultural data, the anthropologist George P. Murdock concluded that reproduction, sexual relations, economic cooperation, and the socialization of offspring are functions of families throughout the worlD、We now recognize that Murdock overstated the matter, since there are a number of societies--for instance, Israeli kibbutz communities--in which the family does not encompass all four o[ these activities. What Murdock describes are commonly encountered tendencies in family functioning in most cultures. Societies differ in how they structure marriage relationships. Four patterns are found: monogamy, one husband and one wife are found; polygyny, one husband and two or more wives; polyandry, two or more husbands and one wife; and group marriage, two or more husbands and two or more wives.Although monogamy exists in all societies, Murdock discovered that other forms may be not only allowed but preferreD、Of 238 societies in this sample, only about one-fifth were strictly monogamous. Polygyny has been widely practiced throughout the worlD、The Old Testament reports that both KingDavid and King Solomon had several wives. In his cross-cultural sample of 238 societies, Murdock found that 193 of them permitted husbands to take several wives. In one-third of these polygynous societies, however, less than one-fifth of the married men had more than one wife. Usually it is only the rich men in a society who can afford to support more than one family. In contrast with polygyny, polyandry is rare among the world’s societies.And in practice, polyandry has not usually allowed freedom of mate selection for women; it has often meant simply that younger brothers have sexual access to the wife of an older brother. Thus where a father is unable to afford wives for each of his sons, he may secure a wife for only his oldest son.

【分析题】：

第5题： 在产品的投入期，企业常用的策略有( )． A．防守型策略 B．密集或渗透策略 C．双高策略 D．一高一低策略

【多选题】： A     B     C     D

第6题： 关于战略联盟，下列提法不正确的是( )。 A．分散风险并获得规模经济优势 B．联盟往往破裂 C．联盟不会导致组织的膨胀 D．加盟的企业降低了进入市场的壁垒

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题：September 11 should have driven home a basic lesson for theBush administration about life in an interconnected world: misery abroad threatens security at home. It is no coincidence that OsamaBin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban’sAfghanistan, whose citizens were among the most impoverished and oppressed on earth. If the administration took this lesson seriously, it would dump the rules of realpolitik that have governed U.S. foreign aid policy for 50 years. Instead, it is pouring money into an ally of convenience, Pakistan, which is ultimately likely to expand the ranks of anti-American terrorists abroaD、 To enlist Pakistan in the fight against the Taliban, theBush administration resurrected theCold War tradition of propping up despotic military regimes in the name of peace and freedom. Its commitment of billions of dollars to Pakistan since September 11 will further entrench the sort of government that has made Pakistan both a development failure and a geopolitical hotspot for decades. Within Pakistan, the aid may ultimately create enough angry young men to make upA1 Qaeda’s losses inAfghanistan. In SouthAsia as a whole, the cash infusion may accelerate a dangerous arms race with Indi A、 Historically, the U.S. government has cloaked aid to allies such as Pakistan in the rhetoric of economic development.As aCold War ally, Pakistan received some $ 37 billion in grants and loans from the West between 1960 and 1990, adjusting for inflation.And since September 11, the U.S. administration has promised more of the’ same. It has dropped sanctions imposed after Pakistan detonated a nuclear bomb in 1998, pushed through a $1.3 billion IMF loan for Pakistan, and called for another $2 billion from the WorldBank and theAsianDevelopmentBank. TheBush administration is also, ironically, pressing allies to join it in canceling or rescheduling billions of dollars of old (and failed) loans that were granted in past decades in response to similar arm-twisting. Despite--even because of--all this aid, Pakistan is now one of the most indebted, impoverished, militarized nations on earth. The causes of Pakistan’s poverty are sadly familiar. The government ignored family planning, leading to population expansion from 50 million in 1960 to nearly 150 million today, for an average growth rate of 2.6 percent a year. Foreign aid meant to pave rural roads went into unneeded city highways--or pockets of top officials.And the military grew large, goaded by a regional rivalry with India that has three times bubbled into war. The result is a government that, as former WorldBank economist WilliamEasterly has observed, "cannot bring off a simple and cheap measles (麻疹) vaccination (预防接种) program, and yet...can build nuclear weapons.\ America supports the military regime in Pakistan in order to ______. A、control the government of Pakistan B、get the natural resources of Pakistan C、keep peace and freedom D、draw the support of Pakistan in fighting against Taliban

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第8题：两只一模一样的铁罐里都装有大量的红球和黑球，其中一罐(取名“甲罐”)内的红球数与黑球数之比为2:1，另一罐(取名为“乙罐”)内的黑球数与红球数之比为2:1．今任取一罐从中依次取出50只球，恰得其中有30只红球和20只黑球，则该罐为“甲罐”的概率是该罐为此“乙罐”的概率的( )． A．154倍 B．254倍 C．438倍 D．798倍 E．1024倍

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第9题：It is just one example of the growing concern over the increasing power consumption and environmental impact of computers. A、study found that the power consumption of data centers doubled between 2000 and 2005, and now accounts for 1.2% ofAmerican electricity consumption, though other estimates put the figure at 4%.Companies now spend as much as 10% of their technology budgets on energy, says Rakesh Kumar of Gartner, a consultancy. Power consumption has increased because of the rise of the internet, of course, but also because of way in which computers have historically been designed: to maximize performance at all costs.Between 1996 and 2006, the number of servers in use went from 6 million to 28 million and the average power consumption of each server grew from 150 watts to 400 watts.But things are now starting to change and the computer industry has been seized with enthusiasm for "green computing".

【分析题】：

第10题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、inefficientB、effectiveC、adequate D、sufficient

【单选题】： A     B     C     D