| MBA每日一练（2019/9/25） |
| 第1题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、farB、furtherC、fartherD、furthest |
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| 第2题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、enemies B、neighbors C、disastersD、animals |
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| 第3题：设实数x、y适合等式，则x+y的最大值为( )．
A． B． C． D． E． |
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| 第4题： Text 3 Because some resources must be allocated at the national level, we have created policies which reflect the aggregated attributes of our society. The federal budget determines the proportion of federal resources to be invested in social welfare programs and how these resources are distributed among competing programs. The budget is arrived at through a reiterative aggregative political process which mediates the claims of groups interested in health, education, welfare, and so on, thus socializing the continuing conflict generated by their separate aspirations. The test of whether a policy is "good" under this system is whether it can marshal sufficient legitimacy and consent to provide a basis for cohesion and action. Technical criteria may play a role in the process, but the ultimate criteria are political and social. Whether a policy that is "good" in the aggregate sense is also "good" for a particular person, however, is a different matter. If everyone had identical attributes, these criteria of goodness would produce identical outcomes.Any policy negotiated to attain an aggregate correctness will be wrong for every individual to whom the policy applies. The less a person conforms to the aggregate, the more wrong it will be. When a policy is not working, we normally assume that the policy is right in form but wrong in content. It has failed because insufficient intelligence has informed its construction or insufficient energy its implementation. We proceed to replace the old policy by a new one of the same form. This buys time, since some time must elapse before the new policy can fully display the same set of symptoms of failure as the olD、We thus continue to invest our time, energy, and other resources as if every new discovery of a nonworking policy is a surprise, and a surprise that can be corrected with some reorganized model.But if policies based on complex, aggregated information are always wrong with respect to the preferences of every person to whom they apply, we should concentrate on limiting such policies to minima or "floors". Rather than trying for better policies, we should try for fewer policies or more limited aggregated ones, such limitations could be designed to produce policies as spare and minimal as possible, for the resources not consumed in their operation would then be usable in non-aggregative, person-specific ways—that is, in a disaggregated fashion. This will require more than just strengthened "local" capacity; it will require the development of new procedures, institutions, roles, and expectations. What do people usually do when a policy goes wrongA．Replacing it with an entirely new one. B．Remedying it by reorganizing it. C．Discarding it and start all over. D．Limiting it to a minimal scale. |
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| 第5题： {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices markedA,B,C、andD、Choose the best one and mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1. Although the challenges of teaching a large lecture class are {{U}} (29) {{/U}}, they are not insurmountable. The solution is to develop {{U}} (30) {{/U}} methods of classroom instruction that can reduce, if not {{U}} (31) {{/U}}, many of the difficulties {{U}} (32) {{/U}} in the mass class. In fact, we have {{U}} (33) {{/U}} at Kent State University teaching techniques which help make a large lecture class more like a small {{U}} (34) {{/U}}. An {{U}} (35) {{/U}} but important benefit of teaching the course {{U}} (36) {{/U}} this manner has involved the activities of the teaching assistants who help us mark students’ written work. The faculty instructor originally decided to ask the teaching assistants for help {{U}} (37) {{/U}} this was the only practical way to {{U}} (38) {{/U}} that all the papers could be evaluateD、Now those {{U}} (39) {{/U}} report enjoying their new status as "junior professors", gaining a very different {{U}} (40) {{/U}} on college education by being on the other side of the desk, learning a great deal about the subject matter, and improving their own writing as a direct result of grading other students’ papers. |
| 第6题：September 11 should have driven home a basic lesson for theBush administration about life in an interconnected world: misery abroad threatens security at home. It is no coincidence that OsamaBin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban’sAfghanistan, whose citizens were among the most impoverished and oppressed on earth. If the administration took this lesson seriously, it would dump the rules of realpolitik that have governed U.S. foreign aid policy for 50 years. Instead, it is pouring money into an ally of convenience, Pakistan, which is ultimately likely to expand the ranks of anti-American terrorists abroaD、 To enlist Pakistan in the fight against the Taliban, theBush administration resurrected theCold War tradition of propping up despotic military regimes in the name of peace and freedom. Its commitment of billions of dollars to Pakistan since September 11 will further entrench the sort of government that has made Pakistan both a development failure and a geopolitical hotspot for decades. Within Pakistan, the aid may ultimately create enough angry young men to make upA1 Qaeda’s losses inAfghanistan. In SouthAsia as a whole, the cash infusion may accelerate a dangerous arms race with Indi A、 Historically, the U.S. government has cloaked aid to allies such as Pakistan in the rhetoric of economic development.As aCold War ally, Pakistan received some $ 37 billion in grants and loans from the West between 1960 and 1990, adjusting for inflation.And since September 11, the U.S. administration has promised more of the’ same. It has dropped sanctions imposed after Pakistan detonated a nuclear bomb in 1998, pushed through a $1.3 billion IMF loan for Pakistan, and called for another $2 billion from the WorldBank and theAsianDevelopmentBank. TheBush administration is also, ironically, pressing allies to join it in canceling or rescheduling billions of dollars of old (and failed) loans that were granted in past decades in response to similar arm-twisting. Despite--even because of--all this aid, Pakistan is now one of the most indebted, impoverished, militarized nations on earth. The causes of Pakistan’s poverty are sadly familiar. The government ignored family planning, leading to population expansion from 50 million in 1960 to nearly 150 million today, for an average growth rate of 2.6 percent a year. Foreign aid meant to pave rural roads went into unneeded city highways--or pockets of top officials.And the military grew large, goaded by a regional rivalry with India that has three times bubbled into war. The result is a government that, as former WorldBank economist WilliamEasterly has observed, "cannot bring off a simple and cheap measles (麻疹) vaccination (预防接种) program, and yet...can build nuclear weapons.\ The author’s purpose of writing this article is to ______. A、search for the source of Pakistan’s poverty B、seek for the reason for terrorism C、criticize the realpolitik in U.S. foreign aid policy D、find a solution to the tension in SouthAsia |
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| 第7题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、withB、inC、for D、at |
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| 第8题：机械化和技术的进步改变了人们面临的一系列选择。比如，计时钟表尽可能使人类的事务严格守时，其结果是提高了生产效率。然而，它在给人们带来方便的同时，也给人们带来诸多方面的限制。计时钟表使人们的生活越来越劳累，除了争分夺秒以外而无其他的选择。
上述议论中的事例对以下哪个命题所表述的内容作出了最好的说明 A．新的机械和技术对人的奴役就如同它对人的解放一样。 B．人们应当共同努力从时钟里解放出来以便获得自由。 C．某些新的机械和技术没有给我们的生活带来什么改善。 D．生产力的增长不值得我们去依靠钟表。 E．许多新的机械和技术使我们的生活更有节奏和多产。 |
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| 第9题：It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials in the year 2000 will be sufficient to supply a world economy which will have grown by five hundred percent. SoutheastAsia alone will have an energy consumption five times greater than that of WesternEurope in 1970. Incidentally, if the underdeveloped countries started using up petrol at the same rate as the industrialized areas, then world reserves would be exhausted by 1990. All this only goes to show just how important it is to set up a plan to conserve and divide up fairly natural resources on a worldwide scale. This is a matter of life and death because world population is expanding at an incredible rate.By the middle of the next century population will expand every year by as much as it did in the first 1,500 years afterChrist. In the southern, poor parts of the globe, the figures are enough to make your hair stand on en D、Even supposing that steps are taken to stabilize world population in the next fifty years, the number of inhabitants per square kilometer will increase by from 4 in the United States to 140 in SouthEastAsi A、What can we do about it In the first hypothesis we do nothing.By the year 2000, the southern parts of the world would then have a population greater than the total world population today. Alternately we could start acting right now to bring birth rate under control within fifteen years so that population levels off.Even then the population in the southern areas would not stop growing for seventy-five years.And the population would level off at something like twice today’s figure. Finally, we could wait ten to twenty years before taking action. If we wait ten years the population of the southern area would stabilize at 3,000 million.Even today the number of potential workers increases by 350,000 people per week.By the end of the century this figure will reach 750,000; in other words, it will be necessary to find work for 40 million people per year--not to speak of foo D、 What this means in practical terms we can scarcely imagine.But clearly if we do nothing, nature will solve the problem for us.But at what cost! The phrase "level off" (Paragraph 5) probably refers to ______. A、make cut B、make growth C、make balance D、make the same |
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| 第10题：某装置的启动密码是由0到9中的3个不同数字组成，连续3次输入错误密码，就会导致该装置永久关闭，一个仅记得密码是由3个不同数字组成的人能够启动此装置的概率为( )． |
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