| MBA每日一练（2019/10/25） |
| 第1题： 最近的一则调查报告显示，参加民意测验的人中，有50%的人认为选举产生的官员如被控告有罪时就应该辞职。而有35%的人则认为仅当选举产生的官员被宣判有罪时，他们才应当辞职。因此，认为选举产生的官员被控告时应该辞职的人比认为选举产生的官员被宣判有罪时应该辞职的人多。 上面的推理是有缺陷的，因为它： A．基于人口的一个抽样，作了一个关于整个人口的结论。 B．把充分条件和必要条件相混淆。 C．基于它的一个模棱两可的术语。 D．基于对两个具体信仰询问的回答，作了一个关于某一具体信仰的结论。 E．包含有不可能全部正确的前提。 |
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| 第2题：某宾馆底楼客房比二楼少5间，某旅游团有48人，若全安排在底楼，每间4人，房间不够；每间5人，有房间没住满5人。若全安排在二楼，每间3人，房间不够；每间4人，有房间没住满4人。则宾馆底楼有客房______间。 A．10 B、11 C、12 D、13 E、以上均不正确。 |
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| 第3题：昨天冬冬和妞妞都病了，病症也类似。平日两人每天下午都在一起玩，因此，两人可能患的是同一种病。冬冬的病症有点像链球菌感染，但他患的肯定不是这种病。因此，妞妞患的病也肯定不是链球菌感染。 以下哪项最为准确地概括了上述论证中的漏洞
A．预先假设了所要证明的结论。 B．颠倒了某个特定现象的结果与原因。 C．把一种判定可能性结论的证据当做判定事实性结论的证据。 D．在缺乏可比性的对象之间进行不当类比。 E．基于某个特例轻率概括出一般性结论。 |
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| 第4题：科学家再次发现在美洲大陆曾经广泛种植的一种粮食作物，它每磅的蛋白质含量高于现在如小麦、水稻等主食作物。科学家声称，种植这种谷物对人口稠密、人均卡路里摄入量低和蛋白质来源不足的国家大为有利。 以下哪项如果是真的，最能对上述科学家的声称构成质疑 A．全球的粮食供给只来自于20种粮食作物。 B．许多重要的粮食作物如马铃薯最初都产自新大陆。 C．每磅小麦的蛋白质含量比大米的高。 D．重新发现的农作物每磅产生的卡路里比目前的粮食作物要高。 E．(E) 重新发现的农作物平均亩产量远比现在的主食作物低得多。 |
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| 第5题： Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an {{U}} (1) {{/U}} should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school.Actually, however, most people make several job choices during their working lives,{{U}} (2) {{/U}} because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should {{U}} (3) {{/U}} enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a field of work rather than for a single {{U}} (4) {{/U}}. Unfortunately, etent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing {{U}} (5) {{/U}} about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis. Some drift from job to jo B、Others {{U}} (6) {{/U}} to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitteD、 One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students--or their parents for them--choose the professional field, {{U}} (7) {{/U}} both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal {{U}} (8) {{/U}}. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "White-collar" job is no good reason for choosing it as life’s work. Moreover, these occupations are not always well paiD、Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the {{U}} (9) {{/U}} of young people should give serious consideration to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants {{U}} (10) {{/U}} and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others desire intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take risks for financial gain.Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards. |
| 第6题：One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in NorthAmerica enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on.At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world’s people; yet we consume one-third of the world’s resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter.But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources. AsAmericans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world’s resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine’ the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumeD、If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanceD、But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn’t make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today,Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we’re going to have to answer, whether we’re trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world’s resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the worlD、It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them. The writer warnsAmericans that ______. A、their excessive consumption has caused world resource exhaustion B、they are confronted with the problem of how to obtain more material goods C、their unfair share of the world’s resources should give way to proper division among countries D、they have to discard their cars for lack of fossil fuel in the world |
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| 第7题： Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial scene, they are still regarded with suspicion by many people as a major part of the "live now, pay later" habit. They provide encouragement to spend {{U}} (1) {{/U}} money. Of course it is only the fool who follows the temptation to live, temporarily at least, {{U}} (2) {{/U}} his means, and such people would no doubt manage to do so even without credit cards. Advertisers have, however, promoted a growing realization of the {{U}} (3) {{/U}} of these small pieces of plastiC、They do away with the need to carry large {{U}} (4) {{/U}} of cash and are always useful in emergencies. All the credit card organizations {{U}} (5) {{/U}} interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 percent a year, yet careful use of a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest-free credit. Using the card abroad, {{U}} (6) {{/U}} items frequently take a long time to be included on your account, can {{U}} (7) {{/U}} this period even further. It is worthwhile shopping around before {{U}} (8) {{/U}} on a particular credit carD、It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted: interest rates, which may vary slightly, the number and range of outlets, though most cards {{U}} (9) {{/U}} major garages, hotels, restaurants and department stores.And of course, what happens if your card is lost or stolen.A、credit thief may become suddenly {{U}} (10) {{/U}} particularly if there is a delay in reporting the loss of the carD、 However，if used wisely，a credit card can cost nothing，or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty． |
| 第8题：TheAfricans’ interest is to guard preferential export rules enshrined in the temporaryAfrican Growth and OpportunityAct, passed byCongress in 2,000. Tariff-free exports of some 6,000 goods fromAfrica to the United States are boosting trade and investment in southernAfric A、Lesotho’s fast-growing textile industry depends almost entirely onChinese investment in factories to make clothes for sale in the United States. The region also wants more access toAmerica’s markets for fruit, beef and other agricultural goods. American interest lies mainly in SouthAfrica, by far the largest economy in the region. Services account for 60% of its GDP, and it increasingly dominates the rest ofAfrica in banking, information technology, telecom, retail’ and other areas. Just asBritish banks, such asBarclays, have moved theirAfrican headquarters to SouthAfrica over the past year,American investors see the country as a platform to the rest of the continent. Agreeing investment rules and resolving differences on intellectual property rights are the most urgent issues.American drug firms want to be part of the fast expansion in SouthAfrica of production of anti-retroviral drugs, used againstAIDS.By 2007 SouthAfrica alone expects 1.2m patients to take the drugs daily. The country might be the world’s biggest exporter of anti-AIDS drugs within a few years. Striking a bilateral deal now should makeAmerican investments easier. But Mr. Zoellick’s greater concern is for multilateral trade talks that stalled inCancun, Mexico, in September.AlecErwin, his SouthAfrican counterpart, helped to organize the G20 group of poor and middle-income countries that opposed jointAmerican-EU proposals there; he is widely tipped to take over as head of the World Trade Organization late next year, and would be a useful ally. So Mr. Zoellick is trying to charm hisAfrican partner by agreeing to drop support for most of a group of issues (known as "Singapore" issues) that jammed up the talks atCancun, and were opposed by poor countries; he says he also favors abolishing export subsidies inAmerica--though only if Japan and theEU agree to do the same. That would pleaseAfrican exporters who say such subsidies destroy markets for their goods. Mr. Zoellick’s efforts to make more friends may be paying off.Even thoughAmerica has treatedAfrica very shabbily on trade in the past, Mr.Erwin hints it is easier doing business withAmerica than withEurope or Japan. A、small sign, but perhaps a telling one. We can conclude from the passage that ______. A、the multilateral trade talks inCancun might be productive B、Mr. Zoellick is very good at making friends with leaders C、Japan andEU will abolish the export subsidies as the U.S. D、SouthAfrica’s exports toAmerica are bound to decrease |
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| 第9题：Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses. Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long. Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners. John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. WhenDr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds. Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trenD、 The time needed in making decisions may____. A、vary according to the urgency of the situation B．prove the complexity of our brain reaction C．depend on the importance of the assessment D．predetermine the accuracy of our judgment |
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| 第10题： 《国民财富的性质与原因的研究》一书的作者是：( )。 A．亚当·斯密 B．大卫·李嘉图 C．俄林 D．赫克歇尔 |
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