| MBA易错题（2019/10/25） |
| 第1题：{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} AlthoughBill Gates is the richest, most successful man on the planet, he did not anticipate the Internet. Now he’s scrambling to catch up. IfBill Gates can miss a major aspect of his industry, it can happen to you in your industry. Your business needs to continually innovate and create its future. Gates is now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft. Here’s what he said in a recent interview in U.S. News World Report: "Will we be replaced tomorrow No. In a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company.But when you look to the two-to-three-year time frame, I don’t think anyone can say with a straight face that any technology company has a guaranteed position. Not Intel, not Microsoft, notCompaq, notDell, take any of your favorites.And that’s totally honest." You may remember that in 1985 theCabbage Patch Kids dolls were the best-selling toy on the market.But afterColeco Industries introduced their sensational line of dolls they became complacent and didn’t create any new toys worth mentioning.As a result,Coleco went bankrupt in 1988. The most successful businesses survive in the long term because they constantly reassess their situations and reinvest themselves accordingly. The 3MCompany has a 15% rule: employees are encouraged to spend 15% of their time developing new ideas on any project they desire; it’s no surprise, then, that 3M has been around since 1902. Most businesses are not willing to tear apart last year’s model of success and build a new one. Here’s a familiar analogy to explain why they are lulled into complacency: imagine that your business is like a pot of lobsters; to cook lobsters, you put them into a pot of warm water and gradually turn up the heat; the lobsters don’t realize they’re being cooked because the process is so gradual.As a result, they become complacent and die without a struggle. However, if you throw a lobster into the pot when the water is boiling, it will desperately try to escape. This lobster is not lulled by a slowly changing environment. It realizes instantly that it’s in a bad environment and takes immediate action to change its status. |
| 第2题：Most marketing operations pay close attention to what young people are buying and thinking. NotBritain’s political parties, however, for the simple reason that the under-30s are unlikely to go anywhere near a polling booth. In 1964, 11% of those aged 18 to 24 claimed not to vote, according to theBritishElection Study.At the general election last year that figure rose to 55%. 46. A、report this week by Reform, a think-tank, suggests that this reticence is costing them dearly.Changes in government policy, it argues, have turned being young into a terrible bore. 47. There are already two powerful economic forces working against the so-called "IPOD、generation" that are beyond the government’s control. First, the ageing of the population is fast increasing the ratio of people in retirement to those of working age. So the young can look forward to handing over a rising proportion of their pay to support the oldies in their decline. Second, the cost of buying a house in places where people want to live has shot up beyond the reach of the young. In 1995 24% of all first-time homebuyers were under 25 ; today, less than 15% are, according to the Halifax, a bank. This much is uncontroversial.But the report also argues that the Labour government has made life worse for young people, in three ways. First, increased spending on health care has tended to benefit the old, who ’use the NHS more than the young. Second, tilting the tax and benefit system towards people with children has transferred money from the young to the middle-ageD、Third, higher tuition fees are landing university graduates with hefty debts. 48．And the future doesn’t look much better: the government’s proposed pension reforms, along with the decline of defined-benefit company-pension schemes, make grim reading for the under-30s too. "These changes ought to have brought about a re-examination of the burden of taxation on this age group," says NickBosanquet of ImperialCollege London, one of the authors of the report, tie reckons that, after paying various taxmen and lenders, graduates take home only around half of their salaries. The average for all salaried workers is about three-fifths. Are things really that bad When examined in a freeze-frame, being young does not look much fun financially.But welfare states are meant to transfer resources from the vigorous to the fragile. Some benefits are merely deferred: today’s 25-year-olds will have babies and hip replacements one day. 49．And although people in their 20s and 30s tend to be heavily indebted this passes when they sink into their 40s and 50s, says RichardDisney of Nottingham University. Even so, the feeling that young people are being squeezed presents a political opportunity for the opposition parties. 50．David Willetts, theConservative shadow education secretary, said in a speech last year that the young "could be forgiven for believing that the way in which economic and social policy is now conducted is little less than a conspiracy by the middle- aged" against them_. The LiberalDemocrat commission on tax policy worried inAugust about inter-generational unfairness too. There will be more of such talk. For the Tories, it offers a way to discuss reducing spending without sounding as if they are merely the mouthpiece of the wealthy. It gives LibDem leaders a way to argue activists out of promising to out-spend Labour.And it might even persuade some of those gloomy 25-year-olds to vote. |
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| 第3题：The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength. (30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、 A、originsB、devices C、sources D、evidences |
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| 第4题：某人以6公里/小时的平均速度上山，上山后立即以12公里/小时的平均速度原路返回，那么此人在往返过程中每小时平均所走的公里数为( )．
A．9 B．8 C．7 D．6 E．5 |
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| 第5题： EVA的计算公式为：( )。 A．EVA=税后净营业利润-全部成本 B．EVA=税后净营业收入-全部成本 C．EVA=税后净营业利润-资本成本 D．EVA=税后净营业收入-资本成本 |
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