MPA考试

根据网考网考试中心的统计分析，以下试题在2019/1/30日MPA习题练习中，答错率较高，为：43%
【单选题】While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing，it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners，the arts，literature，and philosophy，and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact，it may operate in any field of group life，apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area of the sacreD、Its operation requires a class society，for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group，or in a caste(社会等级)society.
Fashion behaves as a movement，and on this basis it is different from custom which，by comparison，is statiC、This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation(仿效)。In a class society，the upper classes or so-called social elite(精英)are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them，who，in turn，are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However，the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable，by reason of the imitation made by others，and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria，only to displace these as they in turn are imitateD、It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion，once launched，moves to its doom.
As a movement，fashion shows little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considereD、While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle，it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have，or require，an ideology. Further，since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement，it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.
36. It is known from the first paragraph that()
A、fashion operates in every society
B、fashion can be found only in a few fields of group life
C、fashion originates in a class society
D、people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society
37.According to the author，which of the following people usually lead a new fashion？()
A、Philosophers
B、Artists
C、Writers
D、The social elite
38. The following statements are falseEXCEPT()
A、fashion，as a movement，is static
B、a fashion is destined to disappear once it is launched
C、a fashion will never vanish once it is introduced
D、the upper classes play a little role in making fashion into a movement
39.According to the author，a fashion movement()
A、will eventually develop into a social organization
B、has little in common with other movements
C、has a powerful leadership guiding it
D、has a set of symbols and values
40. It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement()
A、is a form of expressive behavior
B、contributes a great deal to the way of crowd behavior
C、can boost the morale of its participants
D、functions in the same way as specific social movements
网考网参考答案：C、D、B、B、A，答错率：43%
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