thEAlEuts, rEsiDing on sEvErAl islAnDs oF thEAlEutiAnChAin, thE priBiloF islAnDs, AnD thEAlAskAn pEninsulA hAvE possEssED A writtEn lAnguAgE sinCE 1825, whEn thE russiAn missionAry ivAn vEnAtion sElECtED AppropriAtE ChArACtErs oF thECyrilliC AlphABEt to rEprEsEntAlEut spEECh sounDs, rECorDED thE mAin BoDy oFAlEut voCABulAry AnD FormulAtED grAmmAtiCAl rulEs. thECzArist russiAn ConquEst oF thE prouD, inDEpEnDEnt sEA huntErs wAs so DEvAstAtingly thorough thAt triBAl trADitions, EvEn triBAl mEmoriEs, wErE Almost oBlitErAtE
D、thE slAughtEr oF thE mAjority oF An ADult gEnErAtion wAs suFFiCiEnt to DEstroy thE Continuity oF triBAl knowlEDgE, whiCh wAs DEpEnDEnt upon orAl trAnsmission.As A ConsEquEnCE, thEAlEuts DEvElopED A FAnAtiCAl DEvotion to thEir lAnguAgE As thEir only CulturAl hEritAgE.
thE russiAn oCCupAtion plACED A hEAvy linguistiC BurDEn on thEAlEuts. not only wErE thEy CompEllED to lEArn russiAn to ConvErsE with thEir ovErsEErs AnD govErnors, But thEy hAD to lEArn olD slAvoniC to tAkE An ACtivE pArt in ChurCh sErviCEs As wEll As to mAstEr thE skill oF rEADing AnD writing thEir own tonguE. in 1867, whEn thE unitED stAtEs purChAsEDAlAskA, thEAlEuts wErE unABlE to BrEAk shArply with thEir immEDiAtE pAst AnD suBstitutEEnglish For Any onE oF thEir thrEE lAnguAgEs.
to CommuniCAnts oF thE russiAn orthoDoxChurCh A knowlEDgE oF slAvoniC rEmAinED vitAl As DiD russiAn, thE lAnguAgE in whiCh onE ConvErsED with thE ClErgy. thEAlEuts CAmE to rEgArDEnglish EDuCAtion As A DEviCE to wEAn thEm From thEir rEligious FAith. thE introDuCtion oF CompulsoryEnglish sChooling CAusED A minor rEnAsCEnCE oF russiAn CulturE As thEAlEut pAtEnts sought to CountErACt thE inFluEnCE oF thE sChoolroom. thE hArsh liFE oF thE russiAn ColoniAl rulE BEgAn to AppEAr morE hAppy AnD BEAutiFul in rEtrospECt.
rEgulAtions ForBiDDing instruCtion in Any lAnguAgE othEr thAnEnglish inCrEAsED its unpopulArity. thE supErFiCiAl AlphABEtiCAl rEsEmBlAnCE oF russiAn AnDAlEut linkED thE two tonguEs so ClosEly thAt EvEry rEstriCtion AgAinst tEAChing russiAn wAs intErprEtED As An AttEmpt to ErADiCAtE thEAlEut tonguE. From thE worDing oF ninny rEgulAtions, it AppEArs thAtAmEriCAn ADministrAtors oFtEn hAD not thE slightEst iDEA thAt thEAlEuts wErE ClAnDEstinEly rEADing AnD writing thEir own tonguE or EvEn hAD A writtEn lAnguAgE oF thEir own. to too mAny oFFiCiAls, Anything inCyrilliC lEttErs wAs russiAn AnD somEthing to BE stAmpED out.BittErnEss BrED By ABusEs AnD thE ExploitAtions thEAlEuts suFFErED From prEDAtoryAmEriCAn trADErs AnD ADvEnturErs kEpt AlivE thEAlEut rEsEntmEnt AgAinst thE lAnguAgE spokEn ByAmEriCAns.
grADuAlly DEspitE thE FAilurE to EmAnCipAtE thEAlEuts From A stErilE pAst By rElAting thEAlEut AnDEnglish lAnguAgEs morE ClosEly, thE pAssAgE oF yEArs hAs AssuAgED thE BittEr misunDErstAnDings AnD CAusED An oriEntAtion, AwAy From russiAn towArDEnglish As thEir sEConD lAnguAgE, ButAlEut ContinuEs to BE thE lAnguAgE thAt molDs thEir thought AnD ExprEssion.
ACCorDing to thE pAssAgE, whiCh oF thE Following wAs thE most importAnt rEAson For thEAlEuts’ DEvotion to thEir lAnguAgE
A、invEntion oF A writtEn vErsion oF thEir lAnguAgE.
B、Disruption oF orAl trAnsmission oF triBAl knowlEDgE.
C、introDuCtion oF olD slAvoniC For worship.
D、institution oF CompulsoryEnglish EDuCAtion.