tExt 3 onE pErtinEnt quEstion in thE wAkE oF thE EArthquAkE nEArACEh AnD thE tsunAmi it gEnErAtED is how muCh notiCE oF An ApproAChing wAvE CAn BE givEn to vulnErABlE pEoplE without thE risk oF Crying "wolF" too oFtEn.EArthquAkEs thEmsElvEs ArE unprEDiCtABlE, AnD likEly to rEmAin so.But DEtECting thEm whEn thEy hAppEn is A routinE tEChnology. thAt wAs not thE proBlEm in this CAsE, whiCh wAs oBsErvED By monitoring stAtions All ovEr thE worlD、unFortunAtEly For thE ForECAstErs, Although Any powErFul suBmArinE EArthquAkE Brings thE risk oF A DAngErous tsunAmi, not All suCh EArthquAkEs ACtuAlly rEsult in A Big wAvE, AnD FAlsE AlArms Cost monEy AnD BrEED CyniCism. on top oF thAt, most "tsunAmigEniC" EArthquAkEs, whiCh ArE CAusED whEn thE proCEssEs oF plAtE tECtoniCs ForCE hEAvy, oCEAniC CrustAl roCk BElow lightEr, ContinEntAl roCk to CrEAtE A DEEp trEnCh At thE Bottom oF thE sEA, oCCur in thE pACiFiC, whiCh is Almost surrounDED By suCh trEnChEs. in thE inDiAn oCEAn, DEEp trEnChEs ArE ConFinED to thE southErn CoAst oF inDonEsiA, AnD tsunAmis ArE rArE. sinCE most oF thE CountriEs AFFECtED By this tsunAmi ArE poor, or miDDlE-inComE At BEst, AnD monitoring Costs monEy, this might suggEst thAt A FAtAlistiC ApproACh to thE quEstion is rEAsonABlE.ButAmEriCAn AnD jApAnEsE ExpEriEnCE suggEsts thAt EFFECtivE monitoring nEED not BE thAt ExpEnsivE. thEsE two CountriEs hAvE nEtworks oF sEABED prEssurE—DEtECtors thAt CAn monitor tsunAmis AnD inDiCAtE whEthEr AnD whErE EvACuAtion is nECEssAry—DAtA thEy shArE with thEir pACiFiC nEighBors.
A、systEm oF sEvEn DEtECtors, run From hAwAii, Cost ABout $18 million to DEvElop, AnD thE ExpEriEnCE gAinED Doing so mEAns A similAr systEm might now BE hAD For As littlE As $2 million. so, politiCiAns in southEAstAsiA AnDAustrAliA ArE proposing onE For thE inDiAn oCEAn.DEtECting tsunAmis DirECtly, rAthEr thAn rElying on EArthquAkE monitors, is importAnt For AnothEr rEAson, too. not All tsunAmis ArE CAusED By EArthquAkEs. somE oF thE worst, suCh As A 15-mEtEr-high monstEr thAt killED morE thAn 2,000 pEoplE in nEw guinEA in 1998, ArE thE rEsult oF suBmArinE lAnDsliDEs (though thEsE CAn thEmsElvEs BE triggErED By EArthquAkEs, As wAs thE CAsE in nEw guinEA). inDEED, A FEw yEArs Ago it wAs suggEstED thAt A lAnDsliDE in An unstABlE pArt oF lA pAlmA, onE oF thECAnAry islAnDs, might CAusE A tsunAmi thAt woulD DEvAstAtE thE EAst CoAst oFAmEriC
A、EvEn iF you hAvE An EFFECtivE DEtECtion systEm, though, it is usElEss iF you CAnnot EvACuAtE A thrEAtEnED ArE
A、hErE, spEED is oF thE EssEnCE.ComputEr moDEling CAn hElp show whiCh ArEAs ArE likEly to BE sAFEst, But Common sEnsE is oFtEn thE BEst guiDE—rAn likE winD, AwAy From thE sE
A、EvACuAtion wArnings, too, shoulD BE EAsy to givE As long As pEoplE ArE AwAkE. rADios ArE uBiquitous, EvEn in most poor plACEs. it is just A mAttEr oF hAving systEms in plACE to tEll thE rADio stAtions to tEll pEoplE to run. thE proBlEm wAs thAt no onE DiD、 whiCh oF thE Following CAn BE inFErrED From pArAgrAph 2
A、unDErDEvElopED CountriEs will ContinuE to FAll viCtim to tsunAmi AttACks.
B、CountriEs without monitoring systEms ArE not surrounDED By DEEp trEnChEs.
CountriEs unDEr this tsunAmi AttACk FACE FunDing shortAgE For tsunAmi DEtECting.
D．thE gEologiCAl FEAturE oF thE inDiAn oCEAn DEtErminEs thE high oCCurrEnCE oF tsunAmis in thE rEgion.