【单选题】

Does the publisher ofDouglas Starr’’s excellentBlood —AnEpic History of Medicine andCommerce actually expect to sell many copies Whoever chose the title, certain to scare off the squeamish, and the subtitle, which makes the effort sound like a dry, dense survey text, has really done this book a disservice. In fact, the brave and curious will enjoy a brightly written, intriguing, and disquieting book, with some important lessons for public health.66. ( )The book begins with a historical view on centuries of lore about blood — in particular, the belief that blood carried the evil humors of disease and required occasional draining.As recently as the Revolutionary War, bloodletting was Widely applied to treat fevers. The idea of using one person’’s blood to heal another is only about 75 years old — although rogue scientists had experimented with transfusing animal blood at least as early as the 1600s. The first transfusion experiments involved stitching a donor’’s vein (in early cases the physician’’s) to a patient’’s vein.67. ( )Sabotaged by notions about the "purity" of their groups’’blood, Japan and Germany lagged well behind theAllies in transfusion science. Once they realized they were losing injured troops theAllies had learned to save, they tried to catch up, conducting horrible and unproductive experiments such as draining blood from POWs and injecting them with horse blood or polymers.68. ( ) During the early mid-1980s, Starr says, 10,000American hemophiliacs and 12,000 others contracted HIV from transfusions and receipt of blood products.Blood banks both here and abroad moved slowly to acknowledge the threat of the virus and in some cases even acted with criminal negligence, allowing the distribution of blood they knew was tainteD、This is not new material.But Starr’’s insights add a dimension to a story first explored in the late Randy Shihs’’sAnd theBond Played On.69. ( )Is the blood supply safe now Screening procedures and technology have gotten much more advanceD、Yet it’’s disturbing to read Starr’’s contention that a person receiving multiple transfusions today has about a 1 in 90,000 chance of contracting HIV — far higher than the "one in a million" figure that blood bankers once blithely and falsely quoteD、Moreover, new pathogens threaten to emerge and spread through the increasingly high-speed, global blood-product network faster than science can stop them. This prompts Starr to argue that today’’s blood stores are "simultaneously safer and more threatening" than when distribution was less sophisticateD、70. ( )

A、The massive wartime blood drives laid the groundwork for modem blood-banking, which has saved countless lives. Unfortunately, these developments also set the stage for a great modern tragedy — the spread ofAIDS through the international blood supply.B、There is so much drama, power, resonance, and important information in this book that it would be a shame if the squeamish were scared off. Perhaps the key lesson is this: The public health must always be guarded against the pressures and pitfalls of competitive markets and human fallibility.
C、In his "chronicle of a resource" , Starr covers an enormous amount of grounD、He gives us an account of mankind’’s attitudes over a 400-year period towards this " precious, mysterious, and hazardous material" ; of medicine’’s efforts to understand, control, and develop blood’’s life-saving properties; and of the multibillion-dollar industry that benefits from it. He describes disparate institutions that use blood, from the military and the pharmaceutical industry to blood banks. The culmination is a rich examination of how something as horrifying as distributing blood tainted with the HIV virus could have occurreD、D、The book’’s most interesting section considers the huge strides transfusion science took during World War II. Medicine benefited significantly from the initiative to collect and supply blo