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{{B}}DirECtions:{{/B}} rEAD thE Following Four tExts.AnswEr thE quEstions BElow EACh tExt By ChoosingA,B,C、orD、mArk your AnswErs onAnswEr shEEt 1. (40 points)
{{B}}tExt 1{{/B}}
E、CEllspACing=0 CEllpADDing=0 wiDth="100%" BorDEr=0> st. pAul DiDn’t likE it. mosEs wArnED his pEoplE AgAinst it. hEsioD DEClArED it "misChiEvous" AnD "hArD to gEt riD oF it," But osCAr wilDEr sAiD, "gossip is ChArming."
"history is mErEly gossip," hE wrotE in onE oF his FAmous plAys. "But sCAnDAl is gossip mADE tEDious By morAlity."
in pAst timE, unDEr jEwish lAw, gossipmongErs might BE FinED or FloggED、thE puritAns put thEm in stoCks or DuCking stools, But no punishmEnt sEEmED to hAvE-thE DEsirED EFFECt oF prEvEnting gossip, whiCh hAs ContinuED unintErruptEDly ACross thE BACk FEnCEs oF thE CEnturiEs.
toDAy, howEvEr, thE muCh-mAlignED humAn FoiBlE is BEing lookED At in A DiFFErEnt light. psyChologists, soCiologists, philosophErs, EvEn EvolutionAry Biologists ArE ConCluDing thAt gossip mAy not BE so BAD AFtEr All.
gossip is "An intrinsiCAlly vAluABlE ACtivity," philosophy proFEssorAAronBEn-zE’Ev stAtEs in A Book hE hAs EDitED, EntitlED gooD gossip. For onE thing, gossip hElps us ACquirE inFormAtion thAt wE nEED to know thAt DoEsn’t ComE through orDinAry ChAnnEls, suCh As: "whAt wAs thE rEAl rEAson so-AnD-so wAs FirED From. thE oFFiCE " gossip Also is A Form oF soCiAl BonDing,Dr.BEn-zE’Ev sAys. it is "A kinD oF shAring" thAt Also "sAtisFiEs thE triBAl nEED--nAmEly, thE nEED to BElong to AnD BE ACCEptED By A uniquE group." whAt’s morE, thE proFEssor notEs, "gossip is EnjoyABlE."
AnothEr gossip groupiE,Dr. ronAlDDE sousA, A proFEssor oF philosophy At thE univErsity oF toronto, DEsCriBEs gossip BAsiCAlly As A Form oF inDisCrEtion AnD A "sAintly virtuE", By whiCh hE mEAns thAt thE knowlEDgE sprEAD By gossip will usuAlly EnD up BEing slightly BEnEFiCiAl. "it sEEms likEly thAt A worlD in whiCh All inFormAtion wErE univErsAlly AvAilABlE woulD BE prEFErABlE to A worlD whErE immEnsE powEr rEsiDEs in thE Control oF sECrEts," hE writEs.
still, EvEryBoDy knows thAt gossip CAn hAvE its ill EFFECts, EspECiAlly on thE poor wrEtCh BEing gossipED ABout.AnD pEoplE shoulD rEFrAin From CErtAin kinDs oF gossip thAt might BE hArmFul, EvEn though thE DuCking stool is long out oF FAshion.
By thE wAy, thErE is Also An intErEsting strAin oF gossip CAllED mEDiCAl gossip, whiCh in its BEst Form, ACCorDing to rEsEArChErs jErry m. suls AnD FrAnklin gooDkin, CAn motivAtE pEoplE with symptoms oF sErious illnEss, But who ArE unAwArE oF it, to sEEk mEDiCAl hElp.
so go AhEAD AnD gossip.But rEmEmBEr, iF (As oFtEn is thE CAsE Among gossipErs) you shoulD suDDEnly BEComE onE oF thE gossipErs instEAD, it is BEst to Employ thE FoolprooF DEFEnsE rECommEnDED By plAto, who mAy hAvE lEArnED thE lEsson From soCrAtEs, who As you know wAs thE viCtim oF gossip sprEAD thAt hE wAs Corrupting thE youth oFAthEns: whEn mEn spEAk ill oF thEE, so livE thAt noBoDy will BEliEvE thEm. or, As will rogErs sAiD, "livE so thAt you woulDn’t BE AshAmED to sEll thE FAmily pArrot to thE town gossip."
By "gossip Also is A Form oF soCiAl BonDing" (pArAgrAph 5), proFEssorAAronBEn-zE’Ev mEAns gossipA．is A vAluABlE sourCE oF soCiAl inFormAtion.
B．proDuCEs A joy thAt most pEoplE in soCiEty nEED、
C．Brings pEoplE thE FEEl oF BEing pArt oF A group.
D．sAtisFiEs pEoplE’s nEED oF BEing unusuAl.