【单选题】

You would think that people with a history of being discriminated against in the workplace might give those whom they resemble a break.But a growing body of research confirms exactly the opposite: women are just as likely as men to show, sexism toward women in hiring practices, salaries and professional mentorship.

Overt displays of sexism are largely passe in theAmerican workplace. What remains, unfortunately, is a set of subtler and more ingrained cognitive biases deeply rooted in our evolutionary and cultural past. Getting rid of them will require an honest reckoning with the inalienable fact that humans are inclined to make implicit errors in perception and even good people who actively avoid bias may nonetheless harbor subtle yet damaging stereotypes of which they are unaware.
In one of the latest studies, a psychology experiment published in the Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences, senior science faculty across the U.S. were presented with identical resumes for a lab-manager job (a position that can often lead to graduate study) that differed only in the gender of the hypothetical applicant. The resume raters were statistically more likely to rate the male candidate higher on competence and hirability and were also more likely to offer the male candidate a bigger salary and greater professional mentorship.By contrast, the hypothetical female applicants were rated more likable but less hirable. Female scientists were just as likely to favor male candidates as potential hires as male scientists were.
There are countless examples of bias against women by both sexes in nonscience fields, including, famously, the increase in women who were hired for orchestras when musicians auditioned behind a blind screen. It’s hard to imagine why this kind of cognitive bias persists in the 21st century, especially when the achievement gaps between males and females arc closing rapidly.
But this only seems puzzling because we tend to think that bias is an evil word, infected with uglyisms and the deliberate diminishing of certain kinds of people.Current research is showing that all human beings have unconscious cognitive biases—what Harvard professor MahzarinBanaji calls "mind bugs. "These biases may have been adaptive thousands of years ago, when people lived in small, homogeneous communities and in-group favoritism might have made the difference between life and death.But they are problematic in our global 21st century worl
D、
The pervasiveness of cognitive bias is depressing. It’s more comfortable to think of sexism or racism or ageism as a symptom of a few rotten apples than as a fundamental human trait.But if we’re all doing it, even to ourselves ,how on earth can we move beyond the stereotypes If we want to eliminate the perception that women are less competent than men for certain jobs held by both sexes, it’s not enough to hire more women for traditionally male-dominated jobs.
A、more fundamental problem is that cognitive bias is rooted not only in our primitive past but also in our contemporary culture. We can’t be surprised by unconscious stereotypes about women when we still embrace a culture infected with sexism in everything from popular movies to recent congressional debates.
The bias held by women against women is characterized by its
A、great intensity. B、obvious obsoleteness.
C、deliberate ill-intention.
D、indirect expression.