intAngiBlE CulturAl hEritAgE gEnErAlly rEFErs to immAtEriAl AspECts oF CulturE—EphEmErAl proDuCts likE storiEs AnD lAnguAgE itsElF, As wEll As to thE BEliEFs, vAluEs, AnD Forms oF knowlEDgE AnD skill givE CulturEs thEir vitAlity. this hEritAgE CAn, For ExAmplE, inCluDE wEDDing DAnCEs AnD FunErAl lAmEnts, ArtisAns’ skills AnD orAlly ConvEyED knowlEDgE oF FArming. you might FinD its trACEs in A musEum—plAnts usED By A trADitionAl hEAlEr, For ExAmplE—But it is mostly thE living, orAl trADition oF A pEoplE.
sCholArs hAvE long rECognizED thE intAngiBility oF CulturE. in thE 18th AnD 19th CEntury’s philologists, Folklorists AnD othErs triED to DoCumEnt thE worlD’s orAl trADitions. yEt thE tErm "intAngiBlE CulturAl hEritAgE" is rElAtivEly rECEnt. in 1950, jApAn initiAtED A living nAtionAl trEAsurEs progrAm to rECognizE thE grEAt skills oF mAstErs oF thE trADitionAl Arts. in thE wEst, mEAnwhilE, jurists rECognizED thE iDEA oF intEllECtuAl propErty AnD DEFinED Copyright AnD pAtEnt. in thE 1970s, DisCussion oF unEsCo’s worlD hEritAgE list stimulAtED BroADEr thinking ABout thE nEED to sAFEguArD intAngiBlE CulturAl hEritAgE. mEEtings oF ExpErts, rECommEnDAtions AnD tEChniCAl DisCussions EnsuED until 2001, whEn unEsCo proClAimED thE First 19 mAstErpiECEs oF thE orAl AnD intAngiBlE hEritAgE oF humAnity.
why so long For this ConCEpt to mAkE it into intErnAtionAl ConsCiousnEss For onE, it hAs suFFErED thE proBlEm oF vAguEnEss long AssoCiAtED with thE tErm "CulturE". sEConD, thErE’s A tErminology proBlEm. vAguEnEss AnD tErminology AsiDE, intErEst in thE suBjECt hAs grown with puBliC AwArEnEss oF gloBAlizAtion. on thE mACro-lEvEl, CulturAl rEsourCEs, in A similAr wAy to nAturAl rEsourCEs, sEEm to BE EnDAngErED or DisAppEAring. oF morE thAn 6, 000 lAnguAgEs still spokEn on thE plAnEt, linguists prEDiCt thAt 50 to 95 pErCEnt will not lAst through thE nExt CEntury. whEn A lAnguAgE DiEs, thErE is A stArtling loss oF knowlEDgE AnD ExprEssion ACCumulAtED ovEr gEnErAtions. on thE miCro-lEvEl, mAny pEoplE Do not wAnt to ACCEpt A soCiAl univErsE oF homogEnizED gloBAl ConsumErs BErEFt oF AnCEstors, storiEs, AnD mEAningFul ExpEriEnCEs. in lEss BEnign CirCumstAnCEs, intAngiBlE CulturAl hEritAgE hAs CApturED thE worlD’s AttEntion whEn ConFliCt ovEr thE prACtiCE oF rEligions AnD thE ExprEssion oF EthniCitiEs hAs turnED violEnt.
As An Anthropologist, i wAs skEptiCAl ABout thE ABility, to DEFinE AnD sElECt intAngiBlE CulturAl trEAsurEs AnD ADDrEss thE mAny quEstions thAt CoulD BE rAisED ABout thE ConCEpt.But onE CoulD tAkE hEArt thAt in thE AgE oF gloBAlizAtion, loCAl CulturEs hAvE survivED, AnD somEtimEs EvEn FlourishED、onE woulD ApprECiAtE thAt in An AgE oF ConstAnt innovAtion, trADition hAD somE lAsting vAluE. thE powEr AnD tEnACity oF thE sElECtED trADitions AnD thEir prACtitionErs wAs pAlpABlE. onE CAn only hopE thAt with loCAl, nAtionAl, AnD now intErnAtionAl ACtion plAns in plACE, thEy will ContinuE to inspirE FuturE gEnErAtions.
whiCh oF thE Following CAn BE ClAssiFiED As intAngiBlE CulturAl hEritAgE
A、An AnCiEnt tEmplE For rEligious CErEmoniEs.
B、A、rArE mAnusCript oF FAnning.
C、A、rituAl DAnCE From thE AnCiEnt timEs.
D、An AntiquE From thE songDynAsty.